PROSODIACAL LEXICON 

OF THE 

GREEK LANGUAGE. 

COLLECTED FROM THE HEROIC POETS. 

FOR 

THE USET OF SCHOOLS, 

AND FOR THE 

ADVANCEMENT OF THE STUDY OF PROSODY. 



TRANSLATED FROM THE GERMAN 

of jS - 

D. JOHN FREDERICK CHRISTOPHER GRAFFE, 

BY 

JOSEPH EDWARD TAYLER, 



^Qtti xccAoj/, <f)ihov sctt), roS' ov xakov, ov (j)ihov icrri' 
tovt £7T05 dOai/arcov rjhOe $/« (TTOfxarcov. 



THEOGNIS, 




LONDON: 
PRINTED FOR JOHN PRIESTLEY, 

13, GREAT RUSSELL STREET, 
COVENT GARDEN. 

1827. 



PREFACE. 



The following little work, of which I have undertaken 
he translation, appears to me to be eminently qualified 
' su Pply the want so universally felt, of some decisive 
sistance in the study of Greek Prosody. The plan 
* it is simple and methodical ; the matter contained in 
re concisely arranged, yet amply sufficient to answer 
the purpose for which it was written. The former will 
be explained in the Introduction, and easily compre- 
hended : with regard to the latter, it will be necessary 
to make some preliminary observations. 

The reason which induced the Author to confine 
himself entirely to Heroic Poets, in the selection of 
examples, may easily be conceived, and is too solid to 
admit of the least objection being made to it. All 
those who are acquainted with the Tragic and Comic 
Greek Poets must be well aware that the structure of 
their verse is too irregularly formed to be admitted as 
decisive authority with regard to quantity. Many have 
been the doubts and controversies upon this subject, 
to which they have given rise 5 and the deficiency of 
authority on their part is evident, from those doubts 
never having been removed, nor those disputes settled. 
In the Hexameter and Pentameter verse, this is not the 
case ; and it is therefore from those Poets alone, who 



( viii ) 

have made use of these metres, that the Author has 
extracted his examples. They are as follow : — 

1. Homer's Iliad, Odyssey, Batrachomyomachy, 
Hymns, and Epigrams. 

2. Hesiodi Ascrsei Opera et Dies {Epya iccti'llfjitpai), 
Scutum Herculis, and Theogonia. 

3. Quinti tQv jJied' ^Qjiiipov sive 7rapaX€L7rofievwy 'O/jLiipa), 
libri xiv. The older editions named him Quintus Cala- 
ber; the more modern, Quintus Smyrnaeus. — I have 
made use of the fine edition of Professor Tyschsen. 

4. Oppiani Poetae Cilicis de Venatione, libri iv. 
(KwrjyeriKiov,) et de Piscatione (dXtev-iKiov). Curavit Joh. 
Gottlob Schneider. Argentorati, 1776. 

5. Orphei Argonautica, Hymni, nepi Xiduv. Gesner's 
edition. 

6. Apollonii Rhodii Argonautica: ed. Stephan. in 
4to. with Scholia. 

7. Theocriti Idyllia. 

8. AratiSolensisPhaenomenaetDiosemea: ed.Buhle. 
Lipsias, 1793. 

9. 'KaXXijiayov KvprjvaLOv 'Yfivoi ko.l Em ypa^xfiara, 

10. Mo(tx ov EiSvXXia. 

11. ~Bi(t)voQ 2/.ivpvaiov ElSvXXlcl. 

\2. NiKapcpov QrjpidKct teat AXe£t QapfiaKa. — The latter 
poem of Nicander has been cited, according to the edi- 
tion of J. Gottlob Schneider. Halle, 1792, 

13. Aiovvoriov Oiy^ofievTjQ UepirjyrjarLq, is written Dion, or 

Dionys. Per. 

14. KoXovQov Qrjfjaiov, AvkottoXitov Ettottolov f EXi]vi]Q 
dpKayj], is merely cited Coluth. 



( i* ) 

To these Poets the Author has strictly confined 
himself, with the exception of a few quotations from 
Anacreon, but only when the nature of the verse is such 
as to preclude the possibility of uncertainty. So anxious 
has he also been to render the authorities brought for- 
ward clear and decisive, that he has not even admitted 
a word which begins a line, without specifying it ; since 
there are some few instances to be found, of other feet, 
besides the Dactyl and Spondee, at the commencement 
of a line. 

Feeling, as I do, that this work cannot but be of con- 
siderable utility, if known and studied, I shall always 
consider myself highly fortunate in having been able to 
render it intelligible to my own countrymen : and should 
the sanguine hopes which I entertain of its success be 
realized, I shall be amply compensated for the time and 
trouble which I have employed for that purpose. 



J. E, TAYLER. 



INTRODUCTION: 

CONTAINING 

THE MOST NECESSARY DIRECTIONS FOR THE 
KNOWLEDGE OF QUANTITIES. 



§1* 

IN the Greek Language, the nature of the vowels decides the 
length or the shortness of syllables. They are divided into 
three classes. 

Those that are long by nature, are, v, w ; and also the 
diphthongs en, ei 9 ev, oi, ov. 

The short vowels are, e, o. 

The doubtful, a, i,v ; which are sometimes made long, and 
sometimes short. For instance, in one line of Homer, II. e. 
30. dpec, dpeq. 

%2. 

Long vowels and diphthongs become doubtful when 
followed by a vowel ; as in II. o. 68. 

tov Se ^olXUxTcijLLe^dg Krevei | 'TLKTOpd | Slog A^iWevg. 

Here the diphthong ei in Krevei is short, because followed 
by the vowel e. Examples of the same are also to be found 
when an expletive particle, Se, re, zee, is placed between the 
preceding long vowel and the following one ; or with regard 
to ai, ov, and et 9 when the next word begins with a consonant ; 
as, e\v%oov \ dovpog a |k(Jk?/, the point of the well-polished dart. 



Xll INTRODUCTION. 

Poets often take the liberty of shortening a long vowel 
and a diphthong in the middle of a word; as II. v. 437, 
€7re?rj : 

Sovpi [3d\XuJv' €7rel\rj ko.1l €\jjlov fieXog | o£v 7rd\poidev. 

§3. 

The syllable is long by position, when a vowel is followed 
by two consonants. The letters f, £, ^ are considered as 
double consonants. Ex. TpaireZa, a table ; Se&reprj, to the 
right-hand ; dxpdffdrjv^ to seize ; ya^oq, brass. 

The same takes place when a word ends with a short 
vowel, and the word following begins with two consonants. 

§4. 
An exception to the above rule is made by words in which 
a mute is found with a liquid. 

The liquid letters are X, p, v, p. The other consonants 
are called mute, in this acceptation. Syllables of this sort are 
made long or short ad libitum ; as, tckvov and reicvov, 
7roTfjioQ and 7totjjloq, destruction, ruin. 

Observe here, that Homer allows himself such peculiar 
and discordant sounds far more rarely than later Poets, 
particularly Epigrammatists. 

It also sometimes happens that a short vowel is made long 
before a single liquid ; as in II. a. 4. 

r}puj\uv % clv\tovq S 9 €\\wpid | revye Kv\ve(j(jlv. 
Of heroes ; them, however, he gave a prey to the dogs. 

In this sentence, the e in eXcjpia is made long, because it 
precedes the liquid consonant X. 

§5. 
A short syllable is sometimes made long by the Caesura. 
By Caesura is understood the division of a word, by which 



INTRODUCTION. Xlll 

its last syllable belongs to the following foot ; as in II. 
k. 270. 

Avrcip 6 | Mi/pioji'q cw|/ce*> &> | ttul^i <j)6\prjvai. 

But he gave it to his son Meriones to carry. 

The last syllable of dancer is here evidently long by the 
Csesura. Homer often makes use of this figure. In the 
tenth book of the Iliad, at least ten instances of it are to be 
found. The later Poets also avail themselves of this license. 

§6. 

Another liberty, which the Poets take, is the contraction 
of two vowels into one, so that they must be scanned as a 
single syllable. Thus II. e. 349. 

T)~ov\ d\ic, | ottX yv\vcuKac a\va\KicaQ [ fj7rep6\7feveiQ. 
Or is it not enough that thou betray est weak women ? 

Here the two words ?/ and ovx are pronounced as one syl- 
lable. Homer makes an abundant use of these contractions, 
as do also the other Poets. 

§?• 

As the quantity of syllables is most safely learnt from 
Hexameters and Pentameters, we will now give the scheme 
of each. 

An Hexameter consists of six feet, composed of spondees 
and dactyls. The last foot may be either a spondee or a 
trochee : 

— I - — I — I — I — *-> W-.^l 

or else 

— kj w | — v-/v«>] — w »^> | — \j \y | — w v»> | — \^ 

The rule, with regard to Hexameters, is, that the fifth 
foot must be a dactyl. Homer, however, Hesiod, Aratus, and 
other Poets, often allow themselves the license of placing a 
spondee in the fifth place. 



XIV INTRODUCTION. 

A Spondee is composed of two long syllables ; as, fxprjfxij, 
oIkoI, cuduJv, Teyvrjq. 

A Dactyl is formed of one long syllable, followed by two 
short ones; as, top \6yov, the speech; TfipSdpog, Pindar; 
fjivpioQ, endless, innumerable.^ 

A Trochee consists of one long and one short syllable ; as, 
ijep, was ; Kapiroc, fruit ; Sovpe, two spears. 

The Iambus is the reverse of the Trochee ; its first syllable 
being short, and its second long ; as, hdvd£, an arrow, a 
reed; /uedcov, a ruler ; (pepup, bearing. 

The scheme of the Pentameter is as follows: 

| — — |-|-u^|~^^|^ 

or else 

— ^ U | — v^v^| — | — ^\j | — ^ ^ | ^ 

By this we see, that either dactyls or spondees may be used 
to form the two first feet. 

ev gv )x\(iov\ev\elv | to'ktX (pi\\ol(7tp e\jJ.e. 
That I may rightly advise my friends. Phocyl. 38. 

KepSed | SrjfiotTi \ u> J (Tvpkukw | ep^o/ue^d. 
Advantages accompanying common misfortune. Phocyl. 50. 

?7 S 1 dpe\rij 6\i\yo~iq \ dv^pdal | Kvpv €7re] rai. 
But virtue accompanies but few men. Phocyl. 150. 

Those who have paid attention to the above fundamental 
rules will meet with but little difficulty in the scanning of 
poems written in Hexameters and Pentameters. The six 
first rules form the basis of all poetry ; and nothing would 
be easier than to scan Greek verses, did not the doubtful 
vowels, a, i, v, add some difficulty to the task. 

In this case, as nothing can be decided a priori, all depends 
upon authority ; that is to say, upon the manner in which the 
Poets have employed these doubtful vowels, with regard to 
quantity. We see that in this respect much may be reduced 



INTRODUCTION. XV 

to generally-received rules, which are of considerable assist- 
ance ; but in many words we are totally at a loss for such a 
guide. For instance, it is a rule observed by all the Poets, 
that monosyllables in vp are long, and that fj,vdoq with its 
compounds is long likewise ; but whether the a in c)a\oc, a 
torch, is long or short, can only be decided by the manner in 
which the Poets employ it. For this purpose, such a Lexicon 
as this is necessary ; in which all words containing doubtful 
vowels made long are brought forward in their proper places, 
and arranged in such an order as to facilitate their discovery. 
For this reason, I have chosen the following method of ar- 
rangement. The inscription at the top of every page, shews 
whether a doubtful vowel be placed before vowels or conso- 
nants, in the antepenultimate, penultimate, or ultimate sylla- 
bles. The ultimate syllable is that which is pronounced last ; 
as in IpepoevTOQ, toq is the last or ultimate syllable, ev the 
penultimate, and the remaining syllables Ifiepo are called the 
antepenultimates. 

The /3 in the first horizontal line stands for fipa^y, short ; 
and signifies that the vowels arranged in the perpendicular 
line underneath are short in the generality of Greek words. 
For, according to rule, the doubtful vowels are short ; and 
those alone which are specified in this Lexicon form excep- 
tions to it, by being made long. The ju in the same part of 
the first horizontal line signifies fxaKpov, long; and shews that 
the words so marked are long by general usage. 

The words are arranged in alphabetical order ; and those 
beginning with different letters are only placed together when 
the similarity of their derivations, or the difference of their 
signification, rendered it expedient to assemble them. 

For instance, if any one should wish to know the quantity 
of the syllable (3a fi, in the word rerjoa/3djuotctj/, to the four - 
footed, let him look for the word under the rubrick " a in 



XVI INTRODUCTION. 

Antepenultimates before Consonants," and follow the order of 
the alphabet. Should he wish to know the word fipidoe, 
weight, he has only to do the same thing : let him search for 
the rubrick " t in Penultimates before Consonants/' and he 
will find it under the syllable lO, in the perpendicular line, 
among 1 words beginning with /3. 

This exercise, twice or three times repeated, will soon ac- 
custom the beginner to discover the words he wishes to find, 
with perfect facility. 

I cannot refrain from adding one more observation. I have 
thought it expedient to begin every fresh series with those 
words in which the quantity sought for is at once indicated. 
For instance, the word Wvg is placed at the beginning of 
those words which make the syllable id long; and then follow 
words in id in alphabetical order ; as, after a, /3, y, come 
ayXidoQ, fipldoQ, SeiSlOi. In the same manner, vXaioq is placed 
first ; and is then followed by arvkwroQ, OvXclkoq, Koyx^Xio^, 
and so on, in all cases of the like nature. 

These preliminaries will, I think, be amply sufficient to 
facilitate the employment of this Lexicon. 



a IN ANTEPENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

CONSONANTS. 



fi 


a/3 ; ay, aS, ad, aK } aX, a/z, av > aw, ap, ag, ar, a0, a^. 


a/3 


long 


dfiaXe, that ! 


ay 


— 


AyeavaKroQ. Prop. name. Genitive. Theocrit. Id.vii. 


ay 




ArXdyevewv, from ArXdyer^e, descended from Atlas. 
Hes. Epy. 381. 


ay 




iddyevrjc, born in wedlock ; Wdyeveeaffiv, Od. £. 203. 
— drjjjdyeveog, Hes. Theog. 530.- — vedyevnc, new- 
born. 


ay 


— 


Ketcpaydre. Epigr. 196. p. 609. 


ay 




Kvrdyecrioir, Orph. Hymn. 56. 7. for Kwr^yecrioiq (from 
Kvveyeatov, to), huntsmen and hounds. — \cvvdye- 
viaq, of hunting, Epigr. 25. p. 567. 


ay 




vavdyeu) (Ionice vavqyeui) — vavdytov — remnant of 
a shattered vessel, dashed to pieces in a shipwreck. 
- — vavayia, r\, shipwreck. 


ay 


— 


payiZovri, from pdyi£u), I gather grapes. Theocrit. 
Idyl. v. 


ay 


— 


afypayi^w, seal. (Ionice (rcpprjytZio,) 


ay 


— 


TifxdyeTTjq. Proper name. 


ay 


— 


ao€fiaro£ y of the vain. Theocrit. Id. xv. 


a£ 




ddrjK&Q, wearied by labour: from dlew, and arjceu). 
B 



a in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



(i 



a/3, ay, a$, aQ, a/c, a\, ap, av, aw, ap, ac, ar 9 a<j>, a\. 



long 



a£ 

aS 
aS 
aS 
aS 
ad 



a6 
a0 
aB 



en: 
a*; 

O.K 
CIK 
UK 
UK 



CIK 



drdSvearrQai, to recede. Orph. Argon. 1255. (An un- 
common instance.) 

Sdcovxe, O torch-bearer ! Orph. Hymn. 8 3. 

eddora, pleasing. II. a. 173. Od. <r. 421. 

AdeWa. Name of a river. Hesiod. Theogon. 344. 

pdhoQ, easy. — Thus also paw. 

Add/utaQ. Proper name. Epigr. 3. p. 166. 

add/nag. Nonnus Dionys. x. 4. 36. 
dOdvdroQ, immortal, is long, in all the Poets. 
yadvWic., for yrjdvWiQ, a leek, an onion. 
pddv/LLoq, free from care, happy. 
aKafidrov, unwearied. II. <j). 13. 

Nouns of number which end in a/coctoc, as Tpidk'o* 
artoc, 7T€VTdK0(Ti0Q, e^aKOviOQy ewraKoaioc. 

aKovarwe,, involuntary ; aKovre, unwilling, II. e. 768. 
dKvfiavroKn, not inundated. Orph. wpooi/uiov, 39. 
StaKOvoc, a servant. — -cLaKovetro. Anacreon 4. 
evdxooi, for evrjKooi, and evt]icooi y hearing. 
iwrdtcaiceKa, seventeen. Od. £. 267. &>. 43. 
Xukcoj, I tear up. 

MaKeSoroQ. Name of a place. Genitive. 
fiaKuvoQ, Dorice for /urjKejyoc, from paicojv, pepper, 
Theocrit. Id. 7. 

weptppdiuSec, bush, hedge of thorns. Nic. Ther. 533. 
werpdited, from werpaKtjc y 6, hard as rocks. Orph. W 8. 



« in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



a/3, ay, a$, ad, a/c, aX, ap, av, air, ap, ag, ar, cup, a%. 



long 



Supd/coctoc, Syracusan. Mosch. in Epitaphio, as 
also in Bion and Theocrit. 

$>cua~Kia. Name of a place. 

(j)FA>a~£iiiu), I deceive : in the later Poets. 

Obs. When rj is changed into a, Dorice, it is 
long; as ccifiog, for Crj/uog. The Ionians, on the 
contrary, change rj into a short. 

dXcucarag, for qXaKarag, from i}Xajcarrf 9 n\ a reed, also 
a distaff. Epigr. 10. p. 554. 

d\afi7T€70Q, Horn. SeArjv. 32. 10; according to Her- 
mann's edition, p. 181. The line admits of many 
conjectures and various readings, on which ac- 
count the quantity of this word remains undecided. 

akovvvr), stupidity. Nic. Alex. 420. Stephens's edi- 
tion : in that of Schneider, it is rfXofrvvi]. 

dXdov, of the blind man. Od. k. 493. 

/Lia\aKog y soft, is mentioned by Guillon, in his Tvu- 
fucdv, as a word whose first syllable is long in 
Homer, but short elsewhere. As far as I can 
remember, /u d \ a koq is always short in Homer: for 
instance, II. £. 541. Also pdXaxeia, a class of 
aquatic animals without bones, Opp. Hal. a. 638. 
is short. 

^TVfjKpdXiSeg. Quint. Cal. <r'. 227. 

rdXiKov, Dorice for rrjXucog. Epigr. 2. p. 364. 

(j)dXaivr), a whale. Nie. Ther. 760. 

&apo-dXi(Tiv r Pharsalian. Epigr. 2. p. 364. 
b 2 



a in Antepenultimates before Consonants, 



I 

CtfJ. 

a/u 

i 

€tfJ, 

a/i 

a/i 
a/u 
a/j. 

Clfl 

a f a 
a/u 

a P 
a/i 

ajj. 
ajx 
afi 

ecu. 

Ctfl 

av 



a/3, ay, aS, aft, ac, a\, aju, av y a-nr, ap, ac, ar, a<p 9 a\. 



long Ajjiafyvtceatnv* Dionys. Per. 606. — Ana£ovicee. 

Ibid. 828. 
dfiaii) and dfiato, I mow down y Gather together. Apoll, 

Argon, iv. 375. 
dfxyjdavreQ. II. w. 451. • — d/uijerajbiero^. Od. t. 247* 
A/ut](Tay. Name of a city. Od. r. 188. 
d/jir]Ty]p€c. Quint. Cal. ta'. 157. 
dfxrj'oc, the time and gathering of the harvest, 
afxiovrat. Opp. Kvv. /?'. 56. 
d/uojovToc. Apoll. Argon, iii. 1186. 
dfjuiHov, for a fiawy, mowing down. Epigr. 3. p. 156. 

dfi€i\pii>, an exchange. Orph. Argon. 1009. This 
quantity is of rare occurrence. 

A7rdjjLeLa. Name of a town. Dion. Per. 606. 

Ad/.*otrae. Proper name. 

Sca/ieXetorc, dismembered. Od. 6. 398. 

^Evcd/ui7T7Toc. Proper name. 

K&cpdpevov, mixed. Orph. Hymn. 84. 9. 

TerpafldfiQiair, to the four-footed. Orph. Hymn. 

7, 5. 
ItyiXopafiare, lover of water. Orph. Hymn. 7. 16. 

dvnp, the man. II. /3. 553. — - dvrjp, II. a. 287.— 

dvepde, II. a. 262. /3. 554. 
dveiv, (from avvco,) for icrtfftreiv, to pound, to make 

small. 



a in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



afi, ay, a£, ad, a/:, aX, a/u, av, aw, ap, ac, ar, a<p, a\. 



av 
av 
av 
av 
av 
av 
av 
av 
av 



av 
av 
air 



long dverai. II. k. 251. 

a\y lo\ /Liev° f.ia\a yap vvl, j dierdi, | eyyvBi | 5' t^w*;. 

2?z^ let us go : soon ends the night, the morning is at 

hand. — dverai, it is completed. Opp. Hal. 3'. 527. 

— avrjrat, Opp. Hal. e\ 442. — di'bfievov, Quint. 

Cal. e. 410. 
aya~vo(bpii)v in the following verse is to be considered 

as an uncommon instance : 

i}cvc a\yavo\(ppii)V Kl\fc\rjcn:€Tai\€V 7roAij>/ra7c. 

In Homer we find dydvocppm', II. v. 467 ; and 

aydvoypocrvvr], II. w. 772. 
Advdi^ec. Hes. Scut. 229. 
AavovjjLc. Name of a river. 
Kavdjjivov, thin. Epigr. 15. p. 222. 
Kapfxavlcoe, Carmanian. Dionys. Per. 606. 
Kpdviov, and Kpdveiov, a scull. 
KpavwvLoq. Name of a town. Callimach. 
pavucoG, raving ; /udVia, phrensy. 
vedviac, a young man. 
Haidvievc, member of one of the tribes in Athens, of 

Pceanienses. 
UdioTTtca. Name. Fragment. Hesiod, Heinsius's 

edit. p. 179: in the same author, however, p. 185, 

Hdvoirrjicoc. 
Tlfidvopoc. Name. Epigr. 10. p. 575. 
Tlravac, the Titans. Batrach. Ibid. TiravoKrovov. 
diraXapvov, inactive. Hes. Epy. 20. 



a in Antefenultimates before Consonant-. 



a/3, ay, ac, ad, a/c, a\, a/u, av, arr, ap, ac, ar, a<p, a^. 



a7r 

CI7T 

a?r 



a— 
a7r 

a7r 
a7r 
a7r 

CX7T 

ap 

ap 
up 



ap 

«P 

ap 

ap 

ap 

lap 



long 



diTeipoc, for ?/7re/poc. 

ATrerru'oc. Name of mountains. 

A-ica. Accus. Name of a province. Theocrit. Idyl. 

xxv. — ATTicavoio. Name of a river. Orph. Argon. 

162. 
A7roWu)v is doubtful. 
airoveecrdai, II. e. 716. — d-bveovro, II. a. 330. 

This word often occurs thus in Homer. 
cpa7r€Tt]c, a fugitive. — epaTrenctje. 
tld-oveecrdaL. II. it. 252. v.212. 
eZd-oci ufJiaL. II. e. 763. 
vdirewv, mustard. Nicand. Alex. 430. 
ApT/oc, of Mars. II. p. 767. y. 12S.— Apya, II. y. 132. 

— *dpr]i(j)i\o%>, II. p. 778. 
ApT]rt]. Proper name. Od. >?. 741. 

ApT/roc. Proper name. II. p. 494. — Apfjroio. Proper 
name. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 436. — Apqroio, 
of Aratus. Epigr. i. p. 91. — Apyjroc. Ibid. p. 43S. 

dp>]Ti]p, a supplicant, one who prays. II. 

dprjreipa. Apoll. Argon. 

TToXvdpijroc, much desired. Od. '(. 280. 
But, Apfjrldcdd. Patronyon. Od. a. 412. 

fjLdKpo^Xvdprjrrjy, a tiresome chatterer. Epigr. 6. p. 22S. 

dpdwv, of prayers. Orph. X\ vevpirtq. 19. 3. — 
€7rdpaix)v, of wishes. Orph. X' . yaXaKTirijc. 39. 

dpaofjtat, I pray , entreat. 



IN ANTE PENULTIMATES BEFORE CONSONANTS. 



fi 


a/3, ay, a£, ad, afv', aX, a/u, av, a~, ap, ag, ar, ao, a^. 


ap long 


apiiaavdat, II. f. 11 5. — dprjvo/ued. 11. (. 172. 


ap — 


dpecraavdat, to gratify. Orph. Hsemat. 18. 50. 


ap 


dprjfxevoy, seized. Odyss. J. 53. ip. 283. 


ap 





dpdro, he wished. EpigT. 8. p. 438. 


ap 




d/iidpaKoc, amaracus and amaracum ; usually, mar- 
joram. 


ap 





dfxdpdroy, EpigT. 36. p. 448, for apapavrov, ama- 
rant hits. 


ap 


_ 


dudpoKoearcra, resembling marjoram, Xic. Ther. 503. 


ap — 


Apt]i/rj. A town, in Homer. 


i a .° — 


dpaiar, weak, thin. EpigT. 6. p. 359. 


ap 


— 


apLvroe. 11. y. 433. 


ap 


— 


ydpvoc, for yripvoc ; yrjpvc, voice, speech. EpigT. 2. 




p. 152. 


ap 


— 


ydpvoyra. EpigT. 18. p. 360. 


ap 


— 


Kapajioc, a crab. Epigr. 11. p. 545. 


ap 


— 


Kdptujy. A river. — Kdptrje, Anacr. xxxii. 


ap 


— 


KardplyrfXa, dreadful. Od. L 226. 


ap 


— 


Xdpivov, an unknown sea-fish. Oppian. Hal, y' . 399, 


ap 


— 


Adpitrtra. 


ap 


— 


fj.apvofj.ai, Dorice for ur/puo^ai, I pull asunder. 


ap 


— 


TLapLoy. Proper name. Homer, in Cerer. 450. 


ap 


— 


Tofxdptdc, Tomarian. Orph. Argon. 1154. 


aff 


— 


daa/aey, we slept. Od. ar. 367. 


ao* 


— - 


Aaiv, A(jl6q. 11. fji. 95. — -Aoica. Dionys. Per, 274. 
and Coluth. Rap. Hel. 158; AcriaBijg. 



a in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 






a/3, ay, a$, aQ, atc 9 aX, au, av, «7r, ap, ag, ar, a(p t a%. 


Ct(T 


long" 


daaifii, I would satisfy myself. 11. i. 485. 


aa 


— 


AaojTroQ. Proper name. — Aau-tSa, Asopian. Apoll. 
Argon, iv. 567 ; so also in Dionys. Reg. 


aa 


_ 


avafidaafxevoi. Od. o. 474. 


aa 


— 


eTrdpdatjuLoc, execrable. Phocyl. 16. 


aa 


— 


evKpdata, good mixture of temperament. 


aa 


— 


edaaifiev. 11. e. 32. — edaere. 11. e. 465. 


aa 


— 


Oav/Ltaaojaiv. Od. v. 157. 


aa 


— 


tdaioQ. 


aa 


— 


Kopdaiov, a girl. 


aa 


— 


Mdaijra. Proper name. 11. /3. 562. 


aa 


— 


Trdadwv, of all. Apoll. Argon, i. 113. 


aa 


— 


IldaiOor). Proper name. Hesiod. Theog. 352. 


aa 


— 


Rdaityan, HdaKparjq. Apoll. Argon, iii. 1106. 


aa 


— 


ro^daerai. Od, ^. 72. 


aa 


— 


Teyvdaarb. Epigr. 94, p. 457. 


a a 


— 


aKpoaaafxevovQ. Epigr. 10. p. 228. 


ar 


— 


arnp^v, hurtful. Orph. X'. KopvcpudrjQ 10. — arvpag 
(ppevag. Theogn. 433. 


ar 


— 


drepog, contracted from 6 and drepoq, the other. 
Epigr. 4. p. 75. 


ar 


— 


jodrrjpiov ec Xe^oc eXOeiv. Phocyl. 176. 


ar 


— 


StEvfxdroKOQ, bearing twins. Orph. 


ar 


— 


Odrepov, from to, and irepoy. 


ar 

i 




Words compounded of Xac, stone; Xaro/nia, a 
quarry; Xd-o/jioi, stone-masons. Quint. Calab. e'. 
244. — Xdrv-n-oc, a stone • mason.— Xdrofiiw v. Epigr. 
6. p. 241. 



a in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



fi 


a/3, ay, a£, ad, ax, a\, a/x, av, cnr, ap 9 ae, ar, a0, a)(. 


ar 


long" 


jj-iSeaTicoc. Theocr. Idyll, xiii. 


ar 


— 


HlffariSac, Pisatian. Orph. Argon. 211. 


a(j> 


— 


€7T(X(pLOg, 


a x 


— 


rpd^pvpoq ; name of a fish with a rough tail ; (from 
ovpa rpaxvQ* trachurus ;) probably, a skate. 



a IN ANTEPENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

VOWELS. 






aa, ae, act, ar], at, ao, av, aw. 


aa 


long 


aaarog has many significations — inviolable, harmless, 
very dangerous, exposed to the wind. When from 
arjroQ, immense, insatiable. 


act 




aarov aed\ov,hard contest. Od. 0. 91. The Scholiast, 
(edit, of Schrevelius, Lugduni Batavorum 1656. in 
4to.) explains it by eirifiXajiq, ij avev fikafiriQ. 


aa 




dddrov crrvyoQ vSwp. IL £. 271. The Scholiast says, 
yjTOi apAapec, ?/, TroKvpkapeq. 


aa 


~ 


ddroQ. Apoil. Argon. 459. — is synonymous with 
aaarog. — aarov. Quint. Calab. a. 217. 


aa 


— 


ddcrd/nrjv, I acted wrongly, foolishly. 11. i. 116. 
r. 137. 


aa 


-— 


aaaaro. 11. X. 340. — But davaro. 11 i. 533 ; so also 
aavdrjv. 11. r. 136. 


a a 


— 


aoVaV, they injured. Od. k. 68. 



JO a in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



oa, ae, aei, a>], at, ao, au, aa>. 



long 



aicpdavra, incomplete. Horn. Epigr. iv. 14. ed. 

Schrevelii. 
ayj)davToc, untouched. Callim. 
eKKpdavdev. Theocrit. Idyll, xxv. — KeKpdavrai. Od. 

$.616. 
Kpddrci, heads. II. -. 93. — tcpaart. Od. \. 2 IS. — 

KpddroQ. II. s. 177. — Kepddrac, of a horn. Arat. 

Phain. 174. 
repddrd, wonders. Quint. Calab. e ' . 43. Dionys. Per. 

604. 
uTrefivdatrQe, you solicited. Od. \. 3S. 

ah dot, constantly flowing. Orph. Hymn. 37. 22. — 
devdov. Pythag. Aur. Carm. and Hes. Epy. 593. 
derdix). Orph. Hymn. 25. 9. — devdovra. Od. v. 109. 
deptoc,airy. — depbeiceLc, aerial. Orph. Hymn. 37. 22. 
aXideeq, blowing on the sea. Od. S. 361. 
dlddf-iev, we slept. Od. y. 151. 
jiapvdebc, strong smelling. Xicand. Ther. 43. 

cdepd, the brother-in-law ; Scholiast, avcpoc ace\<poi'. 
II. I 156. 

evaded, of nauseous smell. Opp. Hal. S 7 . 662. 

/ideprtjc, Adeprtac^Q. II. y. 200. — \docd,u€ia. to- 
gether with all other words derived from Xaoc, 
or compounded with it. 

It appears that Aaeprtacij, Epigr. 41. p. 431, 
forms an exception, and shortens its first syllable: 



a in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



11 



aa, ae, aet, a?/, at, ao, av, aw. 



ae 
ae 

aet 



aet 

aet 



ai] 



ai 
at 



■ long- 



at 
at 
at 
at 



Bosch's edition, however, has Adpriac?]. But, 
even supposing that we read AaeprtaStg 3 it is well 
known that instances of the contraction of two 
vowels into one are innumerable in the Greek Poets. 

Aaeicea. Proper name, Od. y. 425. 

-exvaevTec, for reyvr\evreq, ingenious. Epigr. 6. p. 2. 

detZw, I sing. Horn, in Jim. p. 164. ed. Herman, 
v. 1. — aetcietr, Horn, in Cer. p. 165. — aeiZe, in 
Theocr. — detSovva, Arat. c '. 268. 

vTrdeicovvLv. Call. Hymn, in Delum. 

deipag, lifting up, bearing off Epigr. 35. p. 44S. — 

deipovro. Opp. Kvv. (3. 216. 
7roXvddr]Ta), worth seeing. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. 

p. 322. 
aUiov, everlasting. Horn, etc eorrtav, xxix 3. 
dlSoq, of Pluto. II. X. 263. x . 425.— aiSi. II. £. 487. 

— dlcdo. II. x . 482. — diceoj. Od. «p. 322. 
dte, heard. II *. 532. — a7oy. II. o. 252. for 77 to v. — 
at'etc. Od. a. 298. — at'e>'. II. \. 463. — aiwv, hearing. 
II. o. 378. — cuov-ee. II. X. 532. 
diddXrjQ. 

aiaaw, I rush, I hasten, I run. 
at\*ec, dunj, aiKaq, violent motions. II. 0. 709. 
7ro\vd'iKog, of the violent. II. a. 165. 
aj/tlV^ac. II. a. 584. — aV£ac. Arat. <p'. 334. In 
Homer, however, this first syllable is always long. 



12 



a in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



/3 



act, ae, ae/ ? arj, at, ao, av, aw. 



at 
at 



at 
at 
at 
at 

at 
at 
at 

at 
at 

ao 

ao 
ao 
ao 
ao 
ao 



long virui^aq, springing forward. XL j3. 320. 

A^aiKoq — rpixac'i:ec, active warriors : (literally, war- 
riors whose crests of horse-hair are shaken by the 
wind; from 6pi^ hair, and diavw.) Od. r. 177. 

adepaiSa pt^av, the prickly root Nicand. Ther. 
849. for adepniSa. 

ftovydie, boaster, braggart. II. v. 824. Od. £. 78. 
^Xdila. Name of a town, EXaVc. Dionys. Per. 910. 
eXdlvoQ, ekdiveov, of the olive- tree. Od. t. 320. 

evXdiyyt, of stone. Epigr. 4. p. 507. Nonn. Dionys. 
xi. 122. 

Kardiycrjv, with violence. Orph. Argon. 1179. 
icopvddiKty to the violent.^ II. ^. 132. 

KvrdtSoQ, of Kvraia, a Cytaean town. Apoll. Argon. 

ii. 401. 
pdiara, most easily. Theocrit. Id. xi. 
KvvopuhraioV) from KvvopdiarrjQ, ricinus, dog-louse. 

Od. p. 300. 
Aovec — Aortrj. Proper name. Callim. Hymn, in 

Delum. — AovloMTtv, Aonian* Apoll. Argon, iii. 

1184. 
laoveq. Proper name. XI. v. 685. 
A/btoTrdoya. Proper name. II. d. 2*6. 
fltdofiat, I am compelled. 
htdvfiaoaXv, to twins. II. w. 682. 
tdofiat, I am cured. 



a in AntepenulTimates before Vowels. 



13 



fi 


aa, ae, aet, arj, etc, ao, av, ait). 


ao 


long 


iKeraopiSrjr. Proper name. 11. o. 546. 


ao 


— 


AvKaovtrjq. Callim. Hymn, etc Ata AvtcdoviSao, 
Theocrit. Idyl. i. 


ao 


— 


juejuaoreg, striving. 11. /?. 818. 


ao 


— 


Treivaovre, being hungry. II. tt. 758. <r. 162. 


ao 


— 


Terpaopot, drawn by four horses. Od. ^.81. 


ao 


— 


rlfiaoxoc. Horn, in Ven. 31. Horn, in Cer. 268. 


ao 




Tvtydova. Proper name. Hesiod. Theog. 306. Horn, 
in Apol. 306. — TvfyaovXov. The name of a place. 
Hes. Scut. HercuL 32. 


ao 


— 


Xpvcrdopov, of one who wears a golden sword. 11. e. 509. 


av 


~ 


avaev, he cried out. Theoc. Idyl. xiii. 58. — avaveav. 
Theocrit. Id. iv. 37. 


av 


— 


dvrrj. Tryphiodor. 225. 


av 


— 


Tavyerov. Proper name. 


aa) 


— 


'Kordwov, eastward. Theocrit. Id. iv. 33, 


aw 


— - 


'Eptiauva. Coluth. 120. 



( 14 ) 
a IN PENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

CONSONANTS. 



p 


a/3, ay, a$,^qd, aK, aX, aji, av, air, ap, ag, ar, a(p, a^. 


afi 


long 


fcct/3^, a voracious sea-bird. The oblique cases 
of (j>a\p, 0d/3oc, a sort of wild pigeon. 


ay 


— 


aayrjg, infrangible, aayeq, Od. X, 574. 


ay 




ayrj. Apoll. Argon, i. 554. — ayrj, fracture, crush, 
a breaker, the shore (on which it breaks), a bent 
or crookening. 


ay 


— 


evavayei, he suffered shipwreck. Epigr. 119. p. 600. 


ay 


— 


eaye, is broken. Hes. Epy. 532. — eaywq. Quint. 
Cal. a. 204. 


ay 


— 


ayiq — ay ovq, leaders. Epigr. 1. p. 29. 


ay 


— 


levayoc, one who conducts strangers, a commander of 
mercenary troops. 


ay 


— 


evayea (pvicavav, plane), swift, nimble. Epigr. 4. 
p.5S0. 


ay 


— 


Trepiayeq, Dorice for wepLnyec^ led about, roujid, 
crooked. 


ay 


— 


rayoc, a chief a leader. 


ay 


— 


dayvc, Sayvdi, a wax puppet used by sorcerers, 
Theocrit. Idyl. ii. 


ay 


— 


irpayoq, the deed. 


ay 


— 


Sv(nrpayoc y dv<nrpayi]c, unfortunate in one*$ente7prise§, 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



15 



/3 a/3, ay, ac, ad, aic, a\, a^(, av, a-, op, Of. o-, as, a\. 



ay long- 
ay 
ae 

ac 



ac 



«a - 



pdya,frompa£, acinus, a berry, a grape. Epigr. 5. p. 32. 

(Tcppdytc, a seal. 

dcrjc, the infernal regions. Epigr. 3. p. 70. 

acoc, for ?)coc, pleasure, profit, joy. II. a. 576 — 

But acoc, satiety, disgust. II. \. 88. 
edce. Theocrit, Id. xxvii. edcer, he pleased. Apoll. 

Argon, i. 867.— But dcov, they pleased. Hes. 

Theog.917. 
decoy, singing. Orph. Argon. 410. — acet. Anacreon. 

■ — But detce. Orph. Argon. 413. 
aye\dhx. Gen. Name of an artisan. Epigr 6S.p.453. 
Ad$<ov. Name of a river. Dionys. Scr. 417. — - 

Adcojpa. Hes. Theog. 344. 
f.iay(\dcci, from juax^ac, cin immodest harlot. Epigr. 

4. p. 154. 
ot\dci]c y in Homer: 

A/ae | ce k\\e6|/3ou\6r u\i\a.cfjc eVoiooWac. 

X. B. Patronymics in acr-jc and icrjc generally 

shorten the penultimate ; ex. Nr/A^'klo/c^^crroprc^c. 

o-atoe, a follower. — (rvvo-dcoe. Pythag. Aur. Carm. 

(T-acd, a plucked branch, r>~dc~LKa. Nieand. Alex. 528. 

Koddic. Xame of a river. Dionys. Pers. 417. — 
KpdOiPj Callim. Hymn, etc Aia, Theocrit. Idyl. v. 

Aklq. A river. — AkiSoq, ofAcis. Name of a rich man. 
Epigr. 12. p. 359. Bat dkic, a point, and a sort 
of trident, ddca. Opp. Halieut. V. 536, 



16 a in Penultimates before Consonants. 






a(3, ay, ac, aO, aK, a\, afi, av, arr, ap, ag, ar, a0, a%. 


CIK 


long 


aK(*)v, unwilling ; contracted from aeKiov. 


aK 


— 


SdKOQ. 


CLK 




GpyKri, with an iota subscript, and therefore to be 
considered as a diphthong. — HafxodpaKrjv . Orph. 
Hymn, xxxvii. 4. 


aK 




OojpaKoc; from0Wjoa£, breast-plate. — QcopaKag. Anthol. 
Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 356. So also (paiaKog, from 
(pata^. 


aK 




KaKTjg, of the wicked. — This is an extraordinary ex- 
ception, as in all Poets the first syllable of KaKnc 
is short. It is, after all, only an unknown author 
who took this liberty. Epigr. 22. p. 12. 


aK 


— 


KeKjbiaKWQ, wearied. Theocrit. Id. i. 17. 


aK 


— 


Kya~Kb)va y from KyaKioy. Name of a ram, in Theocrit. 
Idyl. iii. 


aK 


— 


XafipaKa, from XafipaZ, a voracious sea-fish, or sea- 
wolf Opp. Hal. y'. 184. 192. 


aK 


— 


XaKwv ; from Aclkwv, name of a shepherd in Theo- 
critus. Idyl. v. 


aK 


— 


XeXaKag ; from XrjKew, and its old primitive word XaKw, 
I sound, make a noise. Hes. Epy. 205. 


aK 


— 


vaKog, to, skin, hide ; also, a sheep } s fleece drawn off. 
Theocrit. Idyl. v. 


aK 


— 


7re7rpaK€. Anacreon ix. 


a\ 




afjidXtj, a sheaf ; synonymous with ajxaXXa ; from 
whence the circumstance of the penultimate in 
afjiaXrj being long, is explained. 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



17 



a/3, ay, ad, ad, aK, aX, a/x, av, air, ap, ac, ar, a0, a^. 



long 



dXeeg, or aAec, contracted, according to some, from 
aoXXeec ; derived from dXrjq, assembled. — dXev 
vSwp, collected water, II. \js. 420, is explained by 
the Scholiast by oirov (rvrerpa^rj, 6 €<tti trvve^vdri. 

SdXoq, a torch. Nonn. Dionys. viii. 380, at the 
beginning of the line. 

evfiakovQf beautifully fleeced. Epigr. 4. p,387. In 
Bosch's edition we find evpaXXovg. 

evdaXrjQ, verdant, green. Orph. Argon. 746. 

EpvdXov. Proper name. II. tt. 411. 

Ka\oQ> good, fine. In Homer it is invariably found 
thus : I do not remember a single instance to the 
contrary. In Orpheus, and the more modern 
Poets, it is employed as doubtful.— k&Xwv, Orph. 
Hymn. 7. 8. — fcdXcue, Orph. Hymn. 7. 16.— -koXov 
OdXoq, Orph. Hymn. 35. — KaXov, Hes. Epy. 196: 
But Epy. 64. KaXov. It is also short, Epigram. 
4. p. 49 ; in Anacreon ; and sometimes in Quint. 
Cal.; for instance f • 440. 

KaXov, wood. — KafAirvXa KaXd, crooked wood. Hes. 
Epy. 425. 

fxdXa, very. An uncommon instance. Od. o. 400. 

Ma\*c. Name of a nymph. Theocrit. Id. xiii. 

2dpSdva7rdXoQ. Proper name. 

ZrvfxfdXog. Proper name. 

rplffcroKecpdXoQ, three-headed. Orph. Argon. 974. 

XpvviofxdXe. Vocative. Name. Epigr. xxii. p. 301. 

dfioc, for rfiuerepoQ, dfiaq. II. k. 448. 

C 



18 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



a/3, ay, ah, ad, cue, a\, axi, av, *nr, ap, ac, ar, a(p, a-%. 



a/j. long i3a\crdiuov f balsam. Nic. Ther. S47. 

an — &dfiic. Proper name. Epigr. lxiii. p. 343. 

afi — Itwcd/bLLg. Proper name. Epigr. 62. p. 343. 

ap. — Ad/Lew. Proper name. 

aft — c l kt a [iov, dittany (a medicinal plant). Orph. Arg. 917. 

a /a ; — deaua, a spectacle, a sight. Epigr. 8. p. 213. 

a /j. ' — dvutd/Jia, incense, perfume. 

a p. | — v d}jL a, a river, moisture. Epigram. 

ap — optica, that which is seen ; the sight. Batrach. 

X.B. Xeutra verbalia, or neuter nouns derived from 
verbs, which end in a pure, usually lengthen the pen- 
ultimate; as may be seen from the above examples. 
ap _ TreTreipaiiavy I have tried, experienced, Ice. Hesiod, 

Epy. 638. 
ap — rdpa, for ra e/xa. Epigr. 8. p. 582. 
afi _ <pi\dpa, a kiss, for <j)i\yi pa. Moschus' Epwc cpaTrer^c, 4. 
ap — <&pa(n£afxoQ. Proper name. 

The following Names : 
av j — Ay aval, Aydvioo, AyaBdvwp, ~Bcdv(x>p, NiKapwp. 
ay — A\K/j.dva. Accus. Name of a poet. Epigr. 32. p. 36S. 
Apdvov. Name of a mountain, Opp. Kvv. y. 315. 
Qedpoj. II. J. 298. idvog. 
Udpoc, of Pan. — Udvoc-^oXic, Panopolis. Epigr. 27. 

p. 130; and Epigr. 2. p.135. 
Tirana, the Titan. Accus. Epigr. 12. p. 78. 
"Prjjjdvov. Name of a river. Orph. Argon. 712. 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



19 



aft, ay, aS, ad, uk, a\, a/i, av, aw, ap, aq, ar, a<p, a\. 



long" 



TZiXfidvov. Epigr. 1. p. 224. 



Names in avoq, of more than three syllables, gene- 
rally lengthen the a ; as/Hpa^tcVoc, IoiAtavoc, and 
lovXldvoc. Epigr. 2. p. 496. — A^pidvoq. Anthol. 
Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 424. In the Epigrams, names 
in avoq are often shortened. 

Dissyllables in avoq, which take an acute accent, 
lengthen the a; as, cdvoq, dry; %vXd Sdva, dry 
wood, logs. Odyss. o. 321. 

(xdvoq, thin, single. Opp. 

rpdvdq, rpdvojq, clear. Epigr. 85. p. 455. 

(j>dvde, <pdviov, lantern, torch. 



Names of Nations in avoq and aviq : 
Bperavoq, Bperdvtq. Dionys. Per. 284. — -Kapfxdvoq, 

K.ap/udvLq. 
AXaroi, the Alani. Dionys. Per. 305. 
AXfjdvoi, the AlbanL Dionys. Per. 731. 
Kafjurdvwv, of the Campani. Dionys. Per. 357. 
AevKavoi, a people of Italy. Dionys. Per. 362. 
^eXdvwv. Dionys. Per. 926. 



diavaq, moistening, from ciaivu). Orph. \\ Haema- 
tites, 18. 28. 

eppdvotv, moistened. Epigr. 14. p. 365. 

edvov, slender, fine, delicate. II. 6. 385. — cdW, in 
a black dress. Epigr; 13. p. 300. — But edvov, a 
veil, a garment, II. ?. 178 ; and edvov, II. y. 385. 
c2 



20 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



/3 a/3, ay, aS, ad, a/c, aX, afx, av, aw, ap, ac, ar, a(p, a%. 


av 


long 


epdvog is mentioned by Guillon, in his Tvwjmov : and 
there it means the proper name. — But epavog, 
epav<p, a contribution, a repast, (properly, a repast 
to which each person contributes,) has a short a. 
Od. a. 226. and X. 414. 


av 


— 


ddvrjq, thou diest. Epigr. 2. p. 9. 


av 


— " 


Kacrrdvov, from Kacrrdvov, a chesnut. Nicand. Alex. 
269. — But afterwards kcuttclvilq aia, v. 271. 


av 


— 


wpoatcpdvov, worcKpavov, a pillow. Theocrit. Idyl. xv. 


av 




paifioKpavovj with a bent, crooked head. Epigr. 2. 
p. 573. 

Verbs in aw. 


av 




iicdvu), I come. 11. a. 254. — eladcpiKave. Theocrit. 
Idyl. xxii. 29. 


av 


— 


Kixdvoj, I overtake, I find. 


av 




(j)8dvu), I anticipate. 

I do not remember having met with many verbs 
which have the a long. The rest, as l£avev, 11. \p. 
258^ rjv^dve, he pleased, Od. p. 173; andeXaVflaVe, 


aw 




shorten the a. 


A7ric. Proper name. 


aw 


— 


Hiapawiq. Name of an island. Epigr. 9. p. 43. 


aw 


— 


Avdwog. Name of a river. Theocrit. Id. vii. 


aw 


~~— 


dwaq and awav, with its compounds, is long, Attice ; 
but we find in Homer, Od. x- 309, dwdv. 


aw 


— 


IdwvZ,. Proper name. 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



21 






a/3, ay> a$, ad, ax, aX, afi, av, aw, ap, aq, ar } a0, a^. 


Gt7T 


long 


vairv, mustard. 


ott 


— 


Upia7roQj Priapus, in Theocrit. 


ap 


— 


apa, used interrogatively. 


ap 




apdiov, of prayers. 11. o. 378. But dprjaLv, by de- 
sires, prayers, &c. in Orph. X'. OcptrrjQ 27, forms 
one of the numerous deviations made by this Poet. 


ap 


— 


eirdpaq, curses. 11. t. 456. 


ap 


— 


dpag, lifting up ; from aeipo. Epigr. p. 179. 


ap 


— 


dprjv, wish, entreaty. 11. o. 598. 


ap 


— 


Apeog, of Mars. Dionys. Per. 654, 


ap 


— 


Afidptv, Abaris. *Nonn. Dionys. xi. 132. 


ap 


— 


Aurdpov, of JEsarus. Name of a river. Dionys. 
Per. 370. 


ap 


— 


fidpiQ, a sort of Egyptian canoe. Epigr. 41. p. 399, 
at the commencement of the line. 


ap 


— 


Adprjq. Name of a pugilist. Epigr. 41. p. 520. 


ap 


— 


Evfxdprj. Proper name. Theocrit. Idyl. v. But 
evfxapeg, easy. Theocrit. Id. xxii. 161. 


ap 


— 


Qv/Lcapea, from Svfxaprjq, agreeable. Od. ^/. 232. 


ap 


— 


Kapav, from Kapa, the head. Anacreon xxxvi. 


ap 


— 


Kopec, Carian (dogs). Opp. Kvv. a. 370. 


ap 


— 


KapiQ, lSoq, a species of lobster, squilla. Opp. Hal. 
y. 184. 


ap 


— 


Karapa, a curse. (See before apdiov and eirapaq.) 


ap 


— 


Napwv. Name of a river. 


ap 


— 


irapdpoQ, idiotic, mad. Theocrit. Id. xv. 



22 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



/3 a/3, ay, a^, ad, aic, aX, a/*, a*', a7r, ap, ac, ar, a<£, 



«X- 



ap 



ap 
a/> 
ap 



ap 

ap 
ap 



ap 
ap 



long 



ap 



arearapoc, to, and aeaapMQ, for cearjpog and aevripWQ, 
Doriee from (ratpw, I laugh sarcastically. Theoc. 
Id. xx. 

ridpa, a tiara (a sort of Persian turban). 

TlpdprjQ, T'tjuapeioQ. Proper name. Epigr. 61. p. 342. 

Of $apiQ, which Guillon mentions in his Tvwfxajy, 
I remember no instance, except ®dpr}v, II. /?. 582, 
at the beginning of the line ; a town in the Lacedae- 
monian district ; which is also called <baptQ,Pharis. 

(papog, dress, garment. — 0apee<nn, the Dative, is short 
in Hesiod. Epy. 196. 

(paXapoQy glittering, white. Theocrit. Idyl. viii. 

Dissyllables of the masculine gender, in apoq, lengthen 
the a: as, \dpog, agreeable. II. r. 316. — Xapw- 
repog, more agreeable. Od. /3. 350. — But Xapog, a 
sea-gull, is short. Opp. Kvv. a. 71. 

rdpog, swift. 

\pdpoQ, of or belonging to a starling ; from \pap, a 
starling; \pdpcjy, of starlings. II. p. 755. 

Also Polysyllables in pog, when the preceding syl- 
lable is long ; as, 

jbLvadpog, horrible. — fxijaapa forms an exception. 
Theocrit. Id. ii. 

avlapoq, afflicting. Theocrit. Id. ii. So also avld- 
pov. Theogn. 472. 

dtrat, to satiate; from dSoj. II, e. 289. and Theoc. 
Idyl. xxv. 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 23 



j3 a/3, ay, a£, ad 9 a/c, aX, ajw, av, «7r, ap, ac, ar, a<^>, a%. 



a<7 
ac 
ac 
ao- 
a<r 
acr 



cur 



long 



acr 
acr 



atr 
ac 



ao-tc, asian-tree, Apoll. Argon, ii. 779. 
ae*pdVac, raising on high. II. a>. 583. 
avrefiodaev, he shouted against, Bion, €7rtra<piog A^w- 
yiydatv, to the giants. Iricoc. 

Siicaae, he judged. Epigr. 2. p. 475. 

edcrai, from eaio, I leave, permit. II. 9. 42. — ed<7€. 
II. e. 148. — edar)Q. Pythag. Aur. Carm.- — edarov. 
II. 7t. 451.— eeacre. II. 0. 125. and *:. 299. 

edcriv, they are. II. /?. 125. According to the rule, 
that the third persons in acn of verbs lengthen the a. 

IdcroQ. Proper name. In Homer it occurs differently : 
Idffov, II. o. 332. and Od. o\ 245 ; so also Hesiod. 
Oeoy. 970. IaVtw jjpwt. — laorwv. Proper name. 

Jjudaiv, with thongs. II. e. 727. The verb leaver, 
however, is short. II. X. 280. and II. p. 624. 

KCLTapd 077, from Karapao/Liat, I curse. Epigr. 4. p. 205. 

KoifxaaeiQ, thou wilt soften. Epigr. 8. p. 364. 

Kpdcriv, to heads. II. k. 152. So also Kparecrcpiv, 
II. k. 156. 

Xvicafidffiy, from XvKafiag, civtoq, the year. Anthol. 

Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 404. 
Mdarjq. Name of a town. 
juefjiadariv. Orph. X. 0<ptrvQ 86 ; (according to the rule 

previously observed in the case of the verb eden.) 

There are, however, exceptions to this also ; for 

instance, XeXoyx^ "^? Od. X. 303. 



24 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 







a/3, ay, ac\ ad, a^, aX, aa, av, aw, ap, ag, ar, a0, afc 



long 



ar 
ar 
ar 
ar 
ar 
ar 



wpdvig, a sale, 

Qdaig. Name of a river and town in Colchis. Theocrit. 

Name of a river, according to Dionys. Per. 
(f)Xd(T(jj and (fXddaijii, I will strike. Theocrit. Idyl. v. 
drrjy, folly, II, a. 412. — Arrj f rashness, is personified 

under the same name ; and is supposed to lead 

mortals into rash acts. Thus in Homer, II. r. 91. 
wpevfid At Joe Qvyd\rrjp, A\rrj, rj | wdvrdg a\arcu. 

The elder daughter of Jupiter, Ate, who infatuates 

all men. 

Words in arog, 
droQ, contracted from aaroc, insatiable. — drog wo\e- 

fioio. II. e. 388 and 863. 
adedroe, invisible, dBedra, Phocyl. 95. — dedrog, 

visible. 
aKvpdrop (tTTOfxa), immortal (mouth), Epigr. 6. p. 364. 
aKpdroq, transparent, unadulterated. Quint. Calab. 
aopdroq, invisible, 

opdroc, seen, visible. Theocrit. Idyl. vii. 
awpoaopdrog, not to be looked on. 
aXiTpordrag, the iniquitous. Orph. Hymn. 64. 12. 

Gesner's edition. 
avaoodroi, invincible. Theocrit. Idyl. vi. 
avidrog, incurable. 

awXdroig, to the immeasurable. Orph. Argon. 928. 
Sv<T7T€pdToq, difficult to pass. 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



25 



a/3, ay, a£, a0, a/c, aX, a//, av, a7r, ap, ac, ar, a<^>, a^. 



ar 
ar 



long 



ar 
ar 

ar 
ar 
ar 



ar 
ar 
ar 



ar 
ar 
ar 

ar 



erraparoQ, execrable, 

St/jtariop for hfXTjrwp, possessing two mothers, in 
Orpheus, - 

Names and Substantives. 
Aparov, of Aratus. Epigr. 8. p. 181. and Theocrit. 

Idyl. vii. — ApoLTov. Name of a town in Cherones, 

Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 326. 
Ev(j)paTi]v. Name of a slave. Epigr. 4. p. 322. 
EvKpdrr). Daughter of Nereus. Hes. Theog. 243. 
Kaipdroq. Name of a river. Callim. Hym. in Dianam. 
Ko/zarav, Comates ; a shepherd, in Theocrit. Idyl. v. 
Kpdrrjp, Kpdrripa, a vessel in which wine is mixed with 

water. 
span, on the head. Arat. <p. 205. Epigr. 50. p. 450. 

— Kparoq. Genitive. II. e. 7. and 11. p. 205.— 

KpdTOQ, to, strength. II. p. 206. 
Kepd-a, horns. Orph. Fragm. vi. 24. Anacreon. iL 

and Oppian. Kvv. /3. 95. 
Ovdrdg. Proper name. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 320. 
arearog, of fat or tallow. Od. 0. 178. 
<ppdrr]p and (ppdrwp, a member of a cpparpia or tribe, 



Verbs in the Imperative in arw. 
e7rtro\judrw, let him, or it, dare. Od. a. 353. 
vlfcdrw, let it conquer. Theogn. 466. 
Treipdru), let him endeavour. II. 6. 8. and II. i. 345. 
7rpo(7av^dru), let him accost. Od. o. 439. 
(Tiydrto, let him hold his peace. Epigr. 73. p. 454. 



26 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



/3 



a/3, ay, aS, ad, a<c, aX, a/z, av, a7r, ap, ae, ar, a0, a\. 



ar 
ar 
a7 



long 



ar 
ar 
a7 
ar 



ar 
ar 
ar 
ar 



Verbs in the Present Tense in arai. 
aarcu, he or she damages, spoils. II. r. 91. 
apdrai, he prays. II. <. 240. 

flpwcavadrai, he screams for fear. Nicand. Alex. 
221. The Scholiast says, that it is also written 
fopavKavaarai, fipvyavaarat, fipavyavaarcu. 

eicropadrai, he is looked at. Orph. Fragm. ii. 12. 
Gesner's edit. 

fipvxarai, he roars. Opp. K.vv. ft. 161. 

€<popfiarai, he hurries, runs, &c. II. v. 74. 

firJxavaqLTai, he undertakes. Hes. Epy. 239. 

fivKCLTcu, he bellows. Opp Kvv. S'. 166. 



Verbs in the Imperfect in aro. 

dXdro, he wandered up and down. Musaeus, Hero 
et Leand. 70. 

SiefxblpdTo, he divided. Od. |. 434. — It is worthy of 
observation, that the e is made long before the 
liquid fi, and that too in the middle of the word. 

rjpdro, he prayed. U. ic. 283. — i)pdro or rfipctro, he 
took, II. J. 510, is distinct from the above word 
as is also ijpdro, he loved. Theocrit. Id. xi. 

Karripdro, he cursed. II. *. 454. 

irepiXixudro, he licked. Theocrit. Id. xxv. 

-irepovd-o, he fastened with a clasp. II. f, 186. 

crrpixxparo, he turned. II. v. 557. 

Verbs in the Present in are. 
dvldre, ye torment. Epigr. 196. p. 609. 



a in Penultimates before Consonants. 



27 



p a/3, ay, ad, ad 9 at;, a\, aji, av, air, ap, ac, ar, acp, a\. 



ar 
ar 
ar 



long 



«X 



edre, ye permit. Tryphiod. 288. 

eidre, ye permit. Apoll. Argon, i. 873. 

opadre, ye see. Quintus Calab. a. 420. 



Names of Stones and Nations, in arrjg and ariQ. 
aydrriQ, yaydrtjQ, in Orpheus. — 27rapnd7-??c, ^irapTid- 
rig, 7n(TtaTLQ. 

aracpoi, the ujiburied. Epigr. 18. p. 275. — This ap- 
pears to be unusual. 

Tpd^yQi rough ; Ionice r^^vc. 

N. B. ~iayr\ is considered as doubtful by some 
Prosodians. In Homer and Hesiod the a is short. 
One only passage, where the scanning is dubious, 
is Epigr. iii. p. 459. 

'^vy^pov 5' | ei"v'pa|e? | Kpavq. | v/rjoia^jet. 
Cooling water murmurs forth in a well- mixed 

fountain. 
This is the manner in which it should be scanned, 
as the t in 'iayei is marked with two dots [ " ] ; and, 
also, as the word is read, in the Poets, with three 
syllables. The only objection to this is, that the 
syllable wo, in vtto, is made long, which is contrary 
to rule. We have, however, sufficient instances 
of the o being lengthened when it comes under 
the Caesura : in this case, a remains short in iaxet, 
according to custom. We may, however, scan it 
differently, by adopting the contraction of the 
vowels ol: and a then becomes long in ta^ei ; as, 

Kpdvq. xnr\oidy\ei. 



( 28 ) 
a IN PENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

VOWELS. 






aa, ae, aet, aev, a?7, at, ao, aov, aw. 


aa 


long 


tcepdd, (Dual number,) horns. Orph. X'. A^oltyjq 9. 


aa 


— 


Kpdaq, arog, to, the head. 


aa 


— 


\dag 9 XdaV, a stone. Od. t. 537. 


aa 


— 


firda, thou wooest. Od. 7r. 431. 


ae 


— 


vde^fiow. Callim. Hymn, in Dianam. 


ae 


— 


axpaecj to, untouched. Nicand. Ther. 846. — See 
also a.'xpdrjQ, further on. 


aet 


•— ■* 


Svadeig. Callim. Hymn, in Dianam. See also, fur- 
ther on, Svadwq — Svcrdeog. Od. fx. 289. 


aet 


— ■■ 


SvarKpdeiy ill mixed. Opp. Hal. /3\ 517. See, further 
on, evKparjg. 


aet 


— 


vnepdei, high-blowing. Dative. 11. X. 297. 


aev 


— — 


Ntmevc, Niccean. Nsefaeensis. Floril. Bosch. Vol. 2. 
p. 192. 


a?? 


— 


dyjp, the air. Moschus Europa, and Opp. Hal. a. 418. 


arj 


— 


drjp, the husband's brother — levir. 


aw 


— 


7rctfi(j)at], glistening, bright. Vocat. Orph. Hymn. 7.14. 


at] 


— 


irpdrjQ, soft. 


arj 


— 


Words derived from aw, to breathe; dXidrjs, blowing 
from the sea; dXldeeg. Od. §. 361. 


arj 




aKpdrjQ, propitious. ovpoq aicpdnQ ^e(j)vpoq. Orph. 
Argon. 483. — aKpdn, clear. Apoll. Argon, iv. 891. 



a in Penultimates before Vowels. 



29 



aa, a€j aet, aev, at], at, ao, aov, aw. 



long 



ao 


— 


ao 


— 


ao 


— 


ao 


— 


ao 




ao 


~ ~~ 


ao 





evKpat]c, SvffKpctrjc, £ai]Q, blowing violently. — £arjv 

avejxov. Od. \x. 313. — Ivaarjc. Dion. Per. 669. 
axparjQ, untouched. Nic. Ther. 846. 
d7£, tempestous wind. 

aOepaig, aOeparfa pi£ay, the prickly root Nic. 
Ther. 849. — It is also written adep^lq ; from adnp, 
the spike on an ear of corn. 
eXaYc, the olive-tree, 

QaiQ. Proper name. Epigr. 2. p. 147. 
Adlg. Proper name. This occurs frequently in the 

Epigr. 3 so also p. 309. 
\alyly a small stone. 
Ncu'c, a river. — Or a Naiad. 
IlroXejuaYe. 
dop, a sword. — dopt. II. X. 265. On the contrary,, 

dop. II. (p. 173. 
Xpwdopd. Accus. Horn, in Apoll. 123. 
AyeXaoc. Proper name. Od. v. 321. 
devvdov, perpetually flowing. Theocrit. Id. xxii. 
AfMpLapaoQ. Proper name. 
Awicrdova. Proper name. II. X. 577. 
wpaoQ, soft. 

ttpi*)7€<Ti\aoQ. Proper name. II. /3. 698. Examples 
occur, however, of names in aoq which shorten the 
a, as Olvofxaov. II. e. 706. 
ypaoc y of the old (woman), vetulce. Epigr. 6. p. 185. 



30 



a in Penultimates before Vowels. 



(8 


aa, ae, aei, aev, an, at, ao, aov, aio. 


ao 


long 


vire^evldo, thou didst bind, harness to, &c. Orph. 
Hymn. 54. 4. 


ao 


~ 


Dissyllabic substantives in aoq. — Xaoc, people ; vdoc, 
temple ; wdoq, kinsman* 


ao 


— 


IXdoq, gracious, propitious. 11. a. 583. 


ao 




X«oc, high-born, good, honest 

N.B. According to rule, adjectives in aoq are 
short, as Kepdoq. Also neuters in oq ; as, Xaoc, 
Chaos; <j>doq, light. 11. 0.487. i//.154. Hes. Epy.154. 


ao 


— 


The iEolic Genitive Atvetdo, for Aivetov. 


aov 


— 


aXaov, of the blind. Gen. Sing. Od. fx. 267. 


ao 


— 


MeveXdov, of Menelaus. Od. o. 5. 


aw 




Verbs in aw, which have a vowel or a p in the first 
syllable before the a. — edw, 7repdtt), opdcj. Except 
afiipidtt), i\pidit), epdtt). — Those verbs are also short 
which have any other consonant immediately be- 
fore the a ; as, eXdiv, vaierdiov, living, dwelling. 
Od. f . 245. We find, however, aevdta, in Eustath. 


aot 


— 


Kaio, from Kaiw ; and fcXdw, from icXaitt). 


aii) 




TL/jidio, I honour : on account of the long syllables 
which surround the a. 


Words in awv, which form their Genitives in ovoq. 


aio 


— 


du)v, shore. 


aio 


— 


AXKfidiav. 


ait) 


— 


ajxvBdu)v. 


aio 


— 


aprdojy. 


aio 




StSvfjidioy. 



a in Penultimates before Vowels, 



31 



a 


aa 9 ae, aei 3 aev, arj y at, ao, aov 9 aa/. 


aw 


long 


iXucdtov. 11. y. 123. 


aw 


— 


'Uerdwp Idwv. Name of a river. Dionys. Per. 416*. 


aw 


— 


Avtcdwv. 


aw 


— 


Ma^awv. 


aw 


— 


07rdwv 9 a companion. oTrdovt. Opp. Hal. e'. 489. 


aw 


— 


avoirawv, companion. 


aw 


— 


no<T€iddwy. 11. a. 400. 


aw 


— 


Hporidwv. 


aw 


— 


p$wv y pyov, easier. Theogn. 429. 




— 


Tv<pdwv. 


aw 


— 


Xdwv. 






Under this rule, also, come Genitives in awv : 


aw 


— 


eawv, (from eve, good, Jlne,) of the good. 


aw 


— 


Anvawv, of the Bacchantes. Dionys. Pers. 1155. 


aw 


— 


nawv, of relations. 


aw 


— 


rdwv, of those. 11. e. 320, at the commencement of 
the line. 


aw 


— 


fjiefxdwg, ardently desiring. 11. tt. 754. 


aa> 


— 


7T€ivdwv, being hungry. 11. y. 25. 



( 32 ) 



a, IN ULTIMATES. 



P 



a, av, ap, ac. 



long 



I. Words which take an acute accent, or a circum- 
flex, on the final a : 

Trovrjpa, wicked. Fern. ; x a l° a > 3°V * a^i 00 ? blooming ; 
ravened, Adwvd ; accordingly novqpa, \apa, av ~ 
dr)pd 9 vavfftKa, Adrjva. 

II. Substantives ending in da, or Sa : 

ArjSd, crifjiaLdd, Kvaaaida, Mapdd. Except, however, 
those words in which the accent is on the first 
syllable; as atcavda, a thorn. 

III. Words in pa, when this syllable is preceded by 
a single vowel (e, 77, w) : 

tjixepd, Trrjpd, x w P^j xpiopd, itchy, having the itch ; wpd, 

time. Arat. Diosemeia, 10. — mpd, to, the head. 

(ar(j)vpd is short, on account of the circumflex on the v. ) 
To the same rule belong the following words, which 

have a diphthong before pa : 
avpa, a gentle breeze; \av pa, sheet ; <ravpa, lizard; 

fycuSpd, Phcedra. (fxa^aipd, however, is short, 

from its having an acute on the first syllable.) 
Also words in which pa is preceded by a consonant; 

as, ay pa, 7rerpd. Except, c/coXo^evfpa, ravaypa, 

yecpvpd, aytcvpa, KopKvpa, KepKvpd. 

IV. Words in ea, which have the accent on the pen- 
ultimate syllable : 

<pL\o<TO<p(a, (j>i\id. 



« in Ultimates. 



33 



fl 



a, av, ap, ag. 



V. Words which have a single vowel before a : 
ded, a theatre; ded, a goddess ; Bed. Hes. Theog.405. 

In the same poet, however, we find ded. Theog.380. 

VI. Words in eta, derived from verbs in evu : 
covXeid, irpefjjjeid, (DatriXeia, &c. 

Also Qeid. Name of a goddess. Hes. Theog 371. 

VII. Adjectives of the Feminine Gender, whose 
Masculine Genitives have the last syllable long : 

ciKaid, from the genitive Sttcatov ; ay id, from dytov. 
Except, from dioc, cid ; from 7re7raip0Q, 1) 7reweLpd ; 
from 7totvloq 9 7] Tzorvid\ aejiacrfxia, fxtd. 

VIII. Polysyllables in aia : 
tcepaid, a horn ; eXaid, an olive-tree. 

IX. Feminine Articles in the Dual Number : 
a, rd, rd Mofcu. 

X. The Nominative, Accusative, and Vocative Dual 
of the First Declension : 

rd e\icvd, the two otters. 

XI. Vocatives in a, from words in aq : 

w Ai^eta, 7rov\vca/jLd. II. jjl. 231. and II. v. 751. — - 
'Ep fieid. II. oj. 334. Orph. Hymn, xxvii. 1. 

Also Vocatives in the Dual Number ; as, d> Atveid, 
5) Moved, O ye two Muses ! 

Also other Vocatives singular of the First Declen- 
sion : ded, O goddess ! II. ?. 194. — X^ 0VL ^^ 
ovpuvid, eyKvKXtd. Orph. Hymn. ii. 8. 9. Searwora 
is short. Epigr. p. 205. 
D 



34 



a in Ultimates. 



a, av, ap, ag. 



long 



XII. Doric Genitives in a, in the Singular of the 
First Declension : 

tov Aiveia, M?£a. Epigr. 14. p. 301. — f YXa, of 
Hylas. Theocrit. Idyl. xiii. 

XIII. The Dative Singular of the First Declension 
in words whose Nominative ends in aq ; as, 

Atvetct. II. e. 272. The length is indicated by the 
iota subscript. 

XIV. Attic Accusatives from words in evq : 
arped, 7ro\ed, wyXaijueved. II. e. 567. 

XV. Verbs in the Present, Imperfect, and Impera- 
tive in a : 

Pres. aayakad, he grieves, mourns, Od. r. 159. — 
ddfidd, he tames, brings under. II. %. 271. — 
laxdvad, she strives. II. p. 572. — Sa/jtva, thou con- 
querest. II. £. 199. — (36dd 9 he (she or it) roars. 
II. £. 394. Nic. Alex. 215. — nm, he (or she) con- 
quers. II. v. 261. — dtypldd, he (she or it) foams. 
Opp. Hal. a. 772. — icdyxaXdd, he or she laughs. 
Quint. Calab. ft. 652. 

Imperf. nv^d, he spoke. II. a. 92. — eo, for rjv. 

II. 5. 321. — eta, he permitted, conceded. II. X. 717. 

(ea, Ae conceded. II. 7r. 731.) — e^Ifca, Ae (she or zY) 

conquered. II. i/>. 742. — jueraXXa, Ae sought after. 

Od. r. 190.— opa, Ae sa&?. II. 7r. 646.-— <poird, he 

appeared. II. i. 10. 
Imperat. e£av|£a, /i^ | Kev0eVo|£>. II. a. 363. spe#& ow£. 

On the other hand, avSd, speak, generally occurs 

short ; as, II. £. 195. II. <r. 426. 



a IN Ultimates. 



35 



fi 


a, av, ap, ag. 


a 


long 


e a, permit, from eaw. 11. t. 260. On the contrary, 
ea, 11. d. 399. 


a 


— 


fieraWd, seek after. Od. r. 115. 


a 


— 


vejxeva, be angry. 11. k. 145. 


a 


— 


(ireipd, endeavour. Od.) 


a 


— 


my a j hold thy peace. Od. r. 42. 


a 


— 


TLjud, honour. Pythag. Aur. Carm. 


a 


■ 


XVI. In addition to these must be remarked the 
following words : 


a 


— 


a, interjection, ah! oh! 


a 




atKa, Dorice for cikcv. Theocrit. a. 4. The Scho- 
liast remarks on this occasion : kclkwq ow 6 QeoKpiroQ 
coercive tov a vvv. 


a 


— 


2i7raprd. Nominative. Epigr. 6. p. 2. 


a 


— 


jLiaXd, very. 11. a. 416. 


a 




a <P aypt|d | Move' ev o\pei v€fi€\rai. 

The rustic Muse dwells on the mountain. 

The a here may be lengthened by the liquid f.i 


av 




which follows it. 


I. Nominatives and Vocatives Singular of Pari- 






syllabic Words of the First and Third Declension, 






which end in av, and are of the Masculine Gender : 


av 


— 


o and w neXiKav, pelican. 


av 




6 and (5 aXtcjudv. 

(J diav is short, 11. v. 68 ; as is also u> dodv, 11. v. 222, 

as they do not end in av in the nominative, dtac, 

doaq.) 

D 2 



36 



a in Ultimates. 



P 


a, av y ap, ag. 


av 


long" 


<3 liav. Proper name. Epigr. 7. p. 300. So also in 
Theocrit. 


av 




izdv, every thing. Phocyl. 147. — dirdv forms an ex- 
ception, 11. v. 156. Od. k. 227. 11. x- 402. 405. 
Also 7rp6irav, 11. w. 713. 


av 


— 


oi rav. 


av 




II. The Accusatives Singular of Parisyllabic Words 
of the First Declension are regulated by the Nomi- 
native. 


av 




rov Aiveiav. 

tov 'YXdv, Dionys. Per. 807. Epigr. 36. p. 430. be- 
cause Aivetdg and f YXdg are long in the Nominative. 


av 


— 


RofXTrrjciv. Proper name. Anthol. Bosch. Tom.3. p.408. 


av 




fifidv, youth, and %i*)dv, life, for fjfinv and ^wr}v. 

Obs. These given characteristics explain why the 
following and similar words are short in the 
Accusative : 


av 




yaidv. 11. v. 58. — UXaratdv. Name of a town. 11. /3. 
504.— roXjudv. Epigr. 36. p. 430. 

III. Infinitives in av i 


av 


— 


aerxaXoaV, to be indignant. Quint. Calab. e'. 595. 
Moschus Meg. 


av 


— 


e&Xddv, to expel. 11. 0. 527. 


av 


— 


efATreXddV; to approach. Opp. Hal. j3'. 43 1. 


av 


— 


opadv, to see. Orph. Haematites, 18. 30. 
IV. Particles and Adverbs in av: 


av 


— 


jxdv. 11. S. 512. rj. 459. 



a in Ultimates. 



37 



fi 



a, av, ap, ac. 



long 



ap 
ap 

ap 
ap 



«C 
ag 
ac 
ac 
ac 
ag 

«G 
etc 



aydV, very ; Xidv, very ; 7repdV, on the other side, be- 
yond. Except ordv and 7ra[ATrdi>. 

Note. Many, words are found short in final syllables 
in av : but, in that case, another cause prevails, 
namely, the Caesura, if the final syllable is inde- 
pendent of the preceding foot. To this I attribute 



II. a. 606. 



-e|/3aV oi\Kovce ekaoToc- 



Monosyllables in ap are long : 
xpdp, a starling ; Kdp, a Carian. 
ydp,for. II. /3. 39. a. 342.— yap. II. /i. 204. 
avrdp, II. f. 155 ; avrdp, II, £ 171. 

Obs. Neuters in ap are short; as, to r/judp, 

to vetCTap. 
17 oaudp occurs long, II. |. 503 j but the syllable 
may here be long, from its being in the Caesura. 



I. Singular Nominatives of Masculine words which 

end in ac : 
atdg. II. y. 229. p. 279. Quint. Calab. y . 279, 
Aiveidc, Mneas. 

Alcalde. Proper name. II. £. 478, 
ArXdc. Dionys. Per. 27. 
fioppde, the north-wind. Anthol. Bosch, 
'Epp-iac. Od. 0. 323. a. 42. 
Godc. II. & 527. 
Gamete. 
Ka\ X ac. II. v. 70. 



38 



a in Ultimates. 



p 


a, ay, ap, ac. 


ag 


long 


MeXac. Name of various rivers. Dionys. Per. 416. 


ag 


— 


HovXvSafA.dg. 11. o. 334. 


ac 




'Frjfiag. Name of a river. Dionys. Per. 796. 
II. Hereto belong the following words in the Sin- 
gular Nominative : 


aq 


— 


avSpidg, statue of a man, monument 


ag 


— 


yrjpdg, ro, age. Epigr. 9. p. 186. 


ac 


— 


Ifxag, a thong. 


ag 


— 


Kpdg, /LteXiKpdg from Kepavrv/Jii. 


ag 


— 


\dg, a stone; contracted from \aac. 


ag 




7rac, every one. (/ueydg is short.) 

III. In the First Declension, the Genitive Singular 
and the Accusative Plural in a? : 


ag 


— 


rrjg Oedg. 11. |. 315. — T7]g 7repi(j)epeiag. 


ac 




rag Tpawe^dg, rag Movvdg. 

Obs. c^uwae, Od. |. 399, appears as if it were an 
exception to this rule ; which, however, it is not, 
as this word does not come from S/lcoji], a female 
slave, but from ^juaig, d/aoog, a slave; and is not, 
therefore, the accusative plural of the first de- 
clension, but of the third. It is, therefore, short. 


ac 


~*~~ 


IV. Participles of the Masculine Gender in ac : 
rvxpdg, Kpvxpdg, 7roir)(jdg, Ivrdg, &c. 


ac 


— 


V. Hereto belong also : 


ac 


— 


eartiKag, thou standest. 11. e. 485. 


ac 


— 


opadg, thouseest. 11. <p. 108. 


ac 


— 


rjfidg (fang, Od. ir. 372.) — vf.idg, a(f>dg. 



( 39 ) 
i IN ANTEPENULTIMATE S 

BEFORE 

CONSONANTS. 



/* 


cy, ip. 


ly 




Xlyeta, from Xtyvc, also Xtyeioc, a, ov. Epigr. 12. 
p. 359. — Xiyeuc, Od. sr. 216. screeching, hissing, 
shrill, piercing (in the sense of sound). 


*y 




op'iyavov, to, and dg, a plant, wild-marjoram or 
orz>#;z;z/. 


*y 




crlyau, I amsilent ; (jlyaXoevra. Od. £ . 26. 11. e. 226. 


l 7 




plyeoj, plyou, to be cold, terrified, to shudder. 


*y 




plyeSavrjQ, horrible; from piye^avoc, terribly hated. 
— plyrjXov, terrible. Nic. Alex. 220. 


ty 




plyiov, more horrid. 


l y 




T€77ly€(T<Tiv, to grasshoppers. 11. y. 151. 


l 7 




TeTplyuTaq, mournfully chirping, screaming. I1./3.314. 


«y 




rpayoplyavov, to, a sort of shrub {thymus tragori- 
ganum of Linnaeus). Nic. Alex. 310. 

An exception is found in c^plyowvrac, swelling, 
Epigr. 29. p. 534. 


V 




Toh'eov (Quioe), ointment of Iris. Nic. Alex. 203. 


v 




Oclpicog. Proper name. Orpheus. Argon. 32. 


V 




1irjfil.paiJ.tc. 


«p 




clpaioto, to, boiled must. Nic. Alex. 153. 


v 




Tlpwdov. Hesiod. Scut. Here. SI. 


v 




Tipvvdioq. Proper name. Callim. 





40 



t in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



p 


i/3, t2, t0, ur, tX, t^j iy, t?r, tp, ic, ir, £0, £X- 


«/3 


long 


Tlfivpiq, and Tlfivp, a town in Italy. 


./3 


— 


Tl/jeptog, with Nonnus. 


«/3 


— 


ekifiairrov. Nicand. Theriac. 


«/3 


— 


a7rr]Kpl/3(x)(TaT0. Epigr. 7. p. 531. 


^ 


— 


AkISclXioq. Name. 


«S 


— 


ILvviSikov, of Eunidicus. Epigr. p. 389. 


t s 


— 


iSatoQ. Name. 11. r\. 276. 


ia 


— 


ISaXwv. Name. Theocrit. Id. xv. 


a 


— . 


zSaXifjLov, (k'avfjiaToc) of heat which creates perspi- 
ration. Hesiod. Eoy. 413. 


tS 


— 


Idviav. Accus. Wife of Aretes. Apoll. Arg. iii. 243. 


to 


— 


HeQvTcllaKa, from fjiedvTricai;, flowing with wine. 
Epigr. 2. p. 562. 


<o 


— 


fxeplhapwal, common. Batrachom. 


id 


— 


Uepa-rjlEao. Orph. X. KovpaXiov. 2. 


«c 


— 


TrlSnefTcrrjg, rich in fountains. 11. X. 183. 


t£ 


— 


7t~i£vco, to gush out. 


d 


— - 


7roXv7rlSatcov, abounding in fountains. II. v. 59. 
Horn, in Vener. 54. 


** "^ 


iroXvayldeoQ) from TroXvax'tcrjc, split in many parts. 


j 


Opp. Kvp. /3. 85. 






In the following verse of Opp. /3. 211, 






rj yap e vGyj.\ceiJJv KepoAjav oj\pi](TL tt^govtiLv, 






it appears as if it must be scanned e\v(T)(ice\(jji/, 






and that the syllable o-^t is accordingly doubtful. 






It is however to be observed, that innumerable 






instances occur of the contraction of the 4wo syl- 






lables c€0)p into one. 







i in Antepenultimates eefore Consonants. 41 


! : 


*/3 


l(j, 1$, id, IK, l\, l/U, IV, ITT, <p, IC, tr, 1(f), ix- 




td 


long* 


ZlSoviog, ZlMvujdZv. II. £. 291. 




tl 




^eXl^wv, # swallow. Anacreon. xii. — x e ^oo-t. Opp. 
Hal. e'. 579. — x e ^^ v W. Quint. Calab. y. 234. 
— X^l^ovior. 




td 


— 


idvvu, I direct, guide. — Idvvev. 11. 5. 132. 




lO 


— 


Idvvei. Hes. E ( oy. 7. 




id 


— 


idvvrwp, idvvrrip. 




id 


— 


Ideirjcri. Horn, in Cerer. 152 ; from tOvc, eta, v, 




td 


— 


eifidvovai, they run straight here. 11. a. 175. — 
etrldvei. Horn, in Merc. 475. 




td 


— 


BldvviZa. Apoll. Argon, ii. 732. 




l6 


— 


JLplO&KiQ. Name of a young girl. Theocrit. Id. iii. 




id 


— 


MiOvfiyia. Name of a town. Epigr. 25. p. 312. 




id 


— 


Hldwvia. 




id 


— 


Tldiovov. Proper name. Horn, in Ven. 219. — 
Tlduvoto. Od. e. 1. 11. X. 1. 




id 


— 


[Ipldvia, the daughter of Erectheus. Apoll. Argon. 
i. 212. 




IK 


— 


Udvev. 11. a. 431. B. 210. — Ikcto. 11. a. 362.— 
Ikovto. 11. a. 484. — ikopto. 11. a. 432. — cuKeo. 
11. t. 186. 




IK 

i 




iK€(Tia,the entreaty of a miserable man. — iKeaioq, 
concerning a suppliant wretch. Apoll. Argon, iv. 
359. (iKerrjg, however, is short). — iKeraq. Od. ir. 
422. This is a confirmation of the prosodiacal 
rule, that, even when the primitives are short, 



42 t in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



ift, 1$, id, IK, lX, IjX, IV, £7T, ip, tC, IT, Kf), 1%. 



long 



their derivatives lengthen the doubtful vowels, 
when requisite for the sake of metre, or when 
there are too many short syllables in a word. 

ItcapoQ—licapioio. II. ft. 145. Od. a. 329. <r. 244. 

iKeXog, like, resembling. Hes. Epy. 302. 

AiQlKevtri. Proper name. II. ft. 744. 

Apliavn. Proper name. 

KlKajJid, a sort of vegetable. Nicand. Ther. 841, at 
the commencement of the line. 

fivplKWM, made of tamarisk. II. f. 39. 

vlicaco, I vanquish. 

NlKavdpoQ. Proper name. Epigr. 

Ni/aac. Proper name. 

ItlKapu]. Proper name. 

^uiKeXtrj. But liiKeXtj is short. A/x0t7ro|X5c ^LKe\Xtj. 
Od. w. 365. — ypnvQ Stfce|\r?, ibid. 388, a Sicilian 
female slave ; a Sicilian old woman. 

rplKo violet v, Od. v. 390 ; but rpirjicocrioi, Od. £. 20. 

(poivlK07raprjovg 9 of ships with red sides (cheeks). 
Od. ^. 271. 

(potvlKL, with purple. II. c. 141. — <polvXKo\evra, the 
dark-red or crimson (reins). Hes. Scut. 95. 

(pplKaXioe, horrible. Tryphiod. 191. 

(j)plK(jj^ea, from (ppiKioSrjQ, homble. Orph. Argon. 10. 

$>P~lkojv€q. Horn. Epigr. irpog Kvfiaiove. 

7T€<pplm(ji. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 428. 



i ix Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



43 



t/3, lS, lO, IK, iX, l/U, IV, 17T, ip, IC, IT, L(j), %• 



CX 



l\ 
tX 

lX 
tX 

lX 



l\ 

i\ 

tX 
tX 
iX 
iX 



long 



iXdog, also tXeoq, gracious. II. a. 583. — IXdov. II. 
t. 635. — iXdovrai. II. /3. 550. — IXaGKecrdat. II. a. 
386. — i\ci(T<jafied\ II. a. 444. — l\r]di, be propi- 
tious, favourable. Od. y. 380. — iXrjKTpri, he (she or 
it) is propitious. Od. 6. 365. — iXafiai, from IXrjfjii, 
I am propitious. 

iXiyyotq fiomlXtyyoQ^veiiigo, giddiness. Nic.Ther. 247. 

IXiov, Ilium, the renowned city. — IXtoc. 

IXktctoq. Name of a river. Dionys. Per. 424. 

IXtovrja. Name. II. |. 492. 

iXvoc, from iXve, clay. Apoll. Argon, iv. 676. — 
iXvoc, II. (p. 318. — iXvoc, Orph. Argon. 1262. — 
iXvoevroc, Apoll. Argon, ii. 325. 

tXdcov, in crowds. Hes. Epy. 285. 
SfxlXacov and S/ulXricov, Hes. Scut. 170, in crowds. 
afiifiKoylaq , disputes. Hes. Theog. 229. 
' 'MlXwv. Proper name. Theocrit. Idyl. iv. 
; fxeXlXwrov, to, and /ieXiXwroc, 6, honey-clover. 
MlX^roc. Proper name. II. /3. 868. — ~MIXt}(jloc, Epigr. 

7. p. 163. 
tX ; — ojjlXeu), to hold intercourse, to speak, &c. — iofxlXi](ia. 

II. a. 261. 
0'IX?;a. Proper name. II. X. 93. — OiX>)oc. II. v. 66. 

Orph. Argon. 191. and Quint. Calab. a. 25S. — 

O'tXidhfr. II. ft. 365. 
a-lXew. 7 gather up, felt wool, thicken. 
TrlXriQeicra, thickened, condensed. Apoll. Arg. iv. 678. 

Epigr, 10. p. 511, 



i. 



44 t in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



l(o, id, id, IK, iX, t/X, IV, 17T, *£, LQ, IT, L(p, 1%. 



^ 



long IilXrjvoe. Proper name. Also written ZeiX^yoq. 

QlXofieSovaa, Name. II. rj. 20. 

(f>l\ao, thou didst love. Callim. in Dianam. — 0I\aro. 
II. v. 304. Dionys. Per. 704. — eflXuro. II. e. 61. 
Apoll. Arg. iii. 66. — tylXojuai — (plXy-eva. 

(pXXrjreiov, of thieves. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 428. 

ylXia, ylXlaheq. Epigr. 22. p. 141. — ylXiaQ, Theocr. 
— ylXtot, evveaylXoi, ceKaylXoi. II. e. 860. 

xplXog, thin. — iblXwdpov, a method of making the hair 

fall off 
Ijuepoq, desire. — ifiepTov, lovely. II. /3. 751. — i/uepoeig, 

IfjLeipio, Ifuepairo. II. £. 163. 
i/uepa. Name of a town, and a river. Theocrit. 
ifjiaTLWy from \\xaTiov, a garment. Epigr. 5. p. 174. 
aflfxayeXevvTec, forsaking the flocks. Theocr. Idyl. iv. 
I3plfiab),l cry out; angrily menace. 

jSplfjirjEov, with Nonnus : 

ayvvfjieWriQ (Dpl\jirjcov a\7ro(f)ph'OQ | o'lktov a\veXK(i)v. 

Heaving a loud sigh {a sigh loudly} from the af- 
flicted heart. 
SplfivXoc, sharp, biting (in the sense of taste). — fyl- 

Heiav dually), violent (combat). Hesiod. Scut. 261. 
KeKoilfjievoi, covered with dust. II. (p. 541. — k€kovl- 

fievoq. Hesiod. Epy. 479. 
KEKXlfjievn, inclined, sunk. Dionys. Per. 760. Another 

reading has XeXeifievri, 



i in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 45 







1/3, *£, tft, LK, t\, *^£, *V, MT, ip, tCj tr, /<^>, l^. 



ifl 

IfJ. 

If* 



long 



ip 



IfX 



Obs. tyOl^evov, II. it. 581. and (pdlfievwv, Phocyl. 
95. are short, notwithstanding this participle is 
derived from (pdliv. 
klfjirjpa, hungry. Epigr. 9. p. 559. It frequently oc- 
curs thus in the Epigrams. 
fxl^ovfxaiy I imitate ; /LU/unXa, /.ufirjXog. Orph. and 

Epigr. 
lajjcatda. Proper name. Theocrit. 
rlfirj, with its compounds and derivatives, rlfjuog, 
rl/xay^D/c. Theocrit. Idyl. ii. — njLtaioc, reriyievov, 
II. v. 426. 

Obs. aTrpdrijucHTTOQ, untouched, forms no excep- 
tion to the above rule, being compounded of 
7Tport, (not 7rpoe,) and jucujtoq. 
(plfjLojSea, from ^I^w^c, contracting. Nic. Ther. 892. 
— (pl/uoio, I close up. 

Xplfxctra, from xP 7 /- m 5 a ^ so XP^A 1 "' r0 > ointment, 
anointment. Callim. etq Xovrpa TiaXXaEoq. 
Obs. sbijjivdioy is undetermined ; since we may 
scan the following line in Nic. Alex. 75, in two 
ways ; either 

Kipvct fxe\vi]v 6X6\ov \pLjJLv\d7ov\tjre yd\XaKrt\ 
or else, 

tdpva fAe\vrfv 6Xc\ov \p~i\fxv0lov \ rjre ya\\aKTi. 

Iviov, the nape of the neck. Ij. e. 73. 
Ivevtv, dative plural of ig, lvoq, a fibre, a nerve. 
II. yjj. 191. 



46 



in Antepenultimate* before Consonants. 



ft 


Lj3, IC, id, IK, tX, IfJL, LV, L7T, Lp, LC, 17. 10 . i\. 


LV 


long 


lva\oc. Proper name. Callim. — Ij aye. Moschus. 
— IrdxJoic, ESpigr. 14. p. 482. 


LV 





ivLo-oc. Proper name. Ivw-oio. Horn. Hymn, in 
Apol. IS. and Callim. in Dian. 


IV 


— 


dylveov, they led here. 11. w. 7S4. — kclt ay trecr. Od. 
ic. 104. 


LV 


— 


ALylvlrLv, from JEgina. X. 2. Alex. 491. 


IV 





ctk'poQ'ivlcL axpodlviov, first-fruits ; first part of a 
booty. Epigr. S. p. 335. 


LV 





atc-'iveacTLV, from uktiv, ~tvoc, a ray or beam. Horn. 
and Hesiod. Theog. 760. 


IV 





airaplved (jrvXoi') the juice of goose-grass. Nie. 
Alex. 953. 


IV 





airopplv-quara, filings. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 365. 


IV 





Ar'ivXdyy. Proper name. Anth. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 406. 


LV 





axdXh'ioroKTLy, unrestrained. Orph. Hymn. 54. 13. 
and Epigr. 4. p. 213. 


LV 





ylvo/uicu, I become, — y'aeai. Xonnus Dionys. ix, S3. 


LV 


— - 


ylvuMjKco, I know. 


LV 




civeveL, he (she or it) revolves in a circle. Arat. 
Phain. 162. — clvijeic, ch?]cnc, ch'toror. Apoll. 
Argon, iii. 44. — Civlotoktl* 11. y. 391. — rroXoclvea, 
revolving greatly. Epigr. 10. p. 554. — e-tar?;- 
dev-e. Od. ,3. 151. — ffrpeoeSlvrjder . 11. r. 792. 


LV 


— 


ctorlvrjcTLy with presents. 11. i. 155. 



t in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



47 







ifi, iS, id, IK, l\, IjU, IV, 17T, lp, IQ, IT, l(J) 9 L^. 



Ions 



IV 

IV 



IV 

IV 



IV 
IV 



Se\(j)h>iov, from §e\(piv, ivoq, a dolphin; a temple of 

Apollo in Athens ; also a plant, considered as 

the larkspur. 
eXivvaov, leave off. Callim. in Cererem. — eXivvev- 

kov, from eXlvvo), I repose; rest. Apoll. Argon. 

i. 589. — aveXivvvov. Apoll. Argon, i. 862. 
eplveoq, a wild Jig-tree. II. £. 433.— epivddog, from 

eplvag, ctcog, a wild fig-tree. Nie. Ther. 854. 

Eplveov. Name of a place. TyrtaeusAnal. Tom.l. p. 52. 
E^Iva^ec- Proper name. Callim. in Delum — E^- 

vao)v. II. /J. 625.— ExlvctSaQ. Dionys. Pers. 435. 

— ~Exivaffiv. Apoll. Argon, iv. 1230. 

OptSaicivild, from 6 p id a k iv iQ, iSoq, belonging to lettuces. 
Nicand. Ther. 838. 

Qp'ivaKitj. Name. Epigr. 

idvew, KlvvfAi,I move. — Kivnjia-OQ. Theocrit. Idyl. xxi. 
— Kivrjcrei. II. /3. 395. — klvovto. II. S. 281. — vtto- 
KivrjrravTOQ. II. S. 403. 

KiwfioQ. Name of a river. 

€Kplvar\ from tcplvio, I judge. II. e. 150. — tcplviofied'. 
II. /3. 385. But the syllable iv, in ciaKplveei, he 
distinguishes, is short. II. /3. 387. — SiaKplveao'i. 
II. /3. 475.— SidKpiveeffdai. Od. v. 180. It might, 
however, be said, that the syllable iv is also long 
here, as eei and ew may be contracted into one syl- 
lable. This, however, occurs but seldom in such 
words as diaKpiveecrdai. — It is accordingly more 
correct to receive the syllable iv as short, even in 
the two first words. 



48 



l IN ANTE PENULTIMATES BEFORE CONSONANTS. 



lp, LC, l6, IK, lX, LjU, IV, ITT, ip, IQ, 17, l(p, L*£. 



v long 1 1 viroKpivoiro. Theocrit. Idyl. ix. — v-oKplvovrcu. II. 77. 

407. 
Kplyayop7]c. Xame. Epigr. 9. p. 274. 
Xcikivlov, a promontory. Theocrit. Idyl. iv. — Xcik!- 

vioc,\aKLviaq — XaKiviacoq (>]pr]c). Dionys.Per. 371. 
Aa-7 incog. Epigr. 59. p. 522. 
Xidopplvoto, stone-skinned. Others read ha plvoio. 

Horn, in Merc. 4S. 

— I 317 v woe. of Minos. Hesiod. Theog. 948. 

— \6piA~ivoio, from opf/ivov, an herb, salvia horminum of 
Linnaeus. Xic. Alex. 615. and Ther. 893. 

— JJaXaKTrhoLo, Palcestinian. Opp. Kvv. a. 339. 

— -'ive-o, from tt'doj, I drink. II. 1. 465. — mwaKoj. 
iv \ — pivoKepwc, the rhinoceros. Opp. Kvv. 551. 

iv — [Grh>ofjLai, mverai, he, (she, it) injures. Hes. Epy. 316. — 
aaiveag, uninjured. Od. X. 109. 

— ' trjjuvoio oreiXeu/s. Nic. Ther. 386. Others read (tjj.iv- 
volo (7T€tX€Li]c, handle of an axe. 

iv \ — 'ZaXaffiviog, Epigr. 5. p. 364. 

iv J — ZaXafTiviSL Opp. Kvv. c. 222. 

I I 

iv — ■ rivvvrat, revenge, punish. II. r. 260. In the edition 

of Schrevelius we find rivvvvrai 3 and the Scholiast 

adopts the same reading*. — cnrorivefjiev. II. y. 286. 

— arroriverov. II. 6. 186. 

TplvctKU], Proper name. Callim. Hymn, in Dian. 
Tpivaicpia. — TpTvauptct vrjaa. Opp. Hal, y. 627. 



i in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



49 



lj3, lS, id, IK : iX, IfJL, IV, L7T, ip, LQ, IT, l(p, l\. 



P 



IV 
IV 
IV 



long- 



er 
17T 
ITT 
l(T 
iff 
LCT 



&av(TT~ivLa$riv, son of Faustin. Epigr. 44. p. 536. 
<jjS~iv€<t(tlv, with pangs. Theocrit. Id. xvii. 
uhlvovaav, bringing forth, in labour (a female). II. 

X. 269. 
Su7rerr)c, fallen from Jupiter, from heaven. — Sawe- 

reoe. II. p. 263. — SuTrerewv. Nonn. Dionysiaca. 

viii. 6. 

€7r~i7rci(T(T€iv, to strew upon. Orph. X. A^arrjc 15. 
(This syllable is lengthened for the sake of metre.) 

Evpl7ricrjQ. Proper name. 

r]v~i7ra7T€ y he addressed him. II. /3. 245. p. 141. 

ow'nrevovri, looking around. Nonn. Dionys. x. 22. 
— oTfiTrevovffa. Ibid. 46. 

irvp'nroXoQ, one who is concerned with fire. Orph. 
Hymn. 51. TpierrjpiKOv dv/aia/ua. — 7rvpl7r6Xe. 

pi7ri£(*)oc, kindling, fanning. Orpheus. 

'Vlwaiov, a mountain. Orpheus. 

p'nreatnv, with branches. Od. e. 256. 

Ivavfyoe, equal to a man. 

laaioQ. Proper name. 

IfrdtTi, they know. II. £. 312. Od. /3. 283. X. 121 
and 123. Opp. Hal. e'. 26. 

Icra^w, to equalize, to balance. — 'ifra^ovcra, in the be- 
ginning of the line, II. /u. 435. 

'uToQeoq, godlike. II. p. 565. 



50 



i in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 






l/3, iS, id, IK, iX, IfX, IV, ITT, lp, tC, IT, l(f>, IX' 


Iff 


long 


larofaptZeiv, to equalize. 11. £. 101. 

N. B. 7r\ev\prjffiv i\ffai6/ue\vrjffiv, with equal sides. 
Arat. Phoen. 235, is an exception. 


Iff 


— 


AjjLv'iffiBdg. Proper name. Callim. Hymn, in Dian. 
Ajuiinffoio. Name of an island. Dionys. Per. 498. 


iff 


— 


aoXXiffwcr 9 , they assemble. Quint. Cal. ?'. 534. 


Iff 


— 


a7rojurjvlffavroq, of him who restrains or gives vent to 
his wrath. 11. i. 426. r. 62. 


iff 


— 


airorifferaij he will avenge, punish. Od. p. 540. 


iff 


— 


A(ppoSlffiov. Anacr. liii. 


Iff 


— 


WiffaXra — BlcaXr^c. Name of a river. 


iff 


— 


(3p~iffavT€Q, pressing. Opp. Kvv. £'. 194. 


iff 


— 


Bplffrjig. Proper name in Homer. 


Iff 


— 


Srjpiffavro, they contended. Apoll. Argon, iv. 1767. 


iff 


— 


€fjL7rlffeo, soak. Nic. Alex. 277. 


iff 


— 


Koijuuffare, ye fell asleep. Od. /u. 372. 


Iff 


— 


KorlffaXog, also KoviffcraXog, dust. 


Iff 


— 


Kplffctia. Callim. Hymn, in Delum. 


Iff 


— 


Xrjiffo^ai, I will rob. Od. \p. 357. 


Iff 


— 


fiicapoQ, as some write for /jvcrapoQ, shameful. 


Iff 


— 


/juff€(o, I hate. 


Iff 


— 


jn7]T~iffaffdai, to contrive, execute. 11. k. 48. 
€jnrjT~iffavTo. Quint. Calab. 0'. 339. 


Iff 


— 


IxeroyXiffavTeQ* bearing off by force. Epigr. 7. p. 71. 


Iff 


— 


Wiarvpoq. Name of a town. 


Iff 


— 


voff(fiffdfxevr h separating, abstracting. Od. r. 579. 



t in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



51 



\fi 


ijj, iS, id, IK, iX, IfX, IV, ITT, lp, IQ, IT, l(j>, l\. 


1(7 


long 


oicraro, he thought. Epigr. 2. p. 445. 


icr 


— 


6iT\'i(7ii)fjLeda, we will arm. Batrach. 


icr 


— 


ma-ea, meadows. 11. v. 9. The Scholiast in Schre- 
velius reads Treicrea, which signifies the same. 


icr 


— 


TTiarrjag, the Pisceans. Theocrit. Id. xxv. 


1(7 


— 


JTl(7lCr}Q H~l(7lCtK0Q. 


1(7 





(7~K7Vjuil3pov, water-mint. Linnaeus. Nicand. Ther. 896. 
— cr'iov/uljpa. 


1(7 


— 


2n(7v/j(poQ — Yi(7v<poQ. Proper name. 11. £. 153. — 
2u(7v(pi£r)Q — lucrvcptd^O^p. Epigr. 16. p. 396. 


1(7 


— 


T'K7€(povi). Proper name. 


1(7 


— 


r~i(7ov(7iv 9 they will honour. 11. i. 599. 
er'iffag. 11. a. 244. 


io- 


— 


^arlcerat, he (she or it) will be named ; from (part^w. 
Nonn. Dionys. is. SI. 


ta 


— 


(pd~i(7rjvu)p, a destroyer of men. <pd~L(7rjpopa. 11. i. 600. 
—(pQ'tGeaQat. I\. t. 329. —QdiaififlpoTov. Od. X .297. 


1(7 


— 


yap~L(7ioq, of ov belonging to thanks, favours. Callim. 
fr. 193. 


IT 


— 


Ireai, willows. 11. 0. 350. Od. k. 510. 


IT 


— 


Ire'ivoiGi, made of willows, osiers. Theocrit. Id. xvi.79. 


IT 


— 


JrifxovevQ. Proper name. 


IT 




ItuvlSoq, Itojvlq. Surname given to Minerva. Apoll. 

Argon, i. 551. 
Obs. aXiravevre, inexorable, is doubtful. We 

may either scan Epigr. 3. p. 305, Ah]\d\iTd\v€VT€, 
b2 



52 



in Antepenultimate* before Consonants. 



t/3, id, lk, t\, i/tt, tr, drr, to, tc, ir f to, i\. 



w long 

tr 
tr 
tr 
tr 



it 



or else, Ac»)|d XIrajFewrc. In both cases the diffi- 
culties are equally great. In the former, the 
negative a must, contrary to rule, be long ; and 
in the second, the syllable -a must be long, which 
is quite as irregular. Nevertheless, as XItojioi, 
Horn, in Asclep. and in Pan. is short, as also Xmu 
II. l. 498, I should prefer the former method. 
diylaXiTiSdj dwelling on the shore. Epigr. 10. p. 70. 

— \a/iv~iTa<ar (avcouv). Dionys. Per. 571. 

— afpiTicec, tupping. , the anchovy. Opp. Hal. a. 776, 

— Zefvpi-Lcee, belonging to Zephyr. Orph. Hymn. SO. 1. 
Kctfjiaplrdajv, of the Camaritans. Dionys. Per. 700. 
Kopvv'iTtcee, from KopvvirriQ and koqwltic, of 'or belong- 

ing to clubs. Orph. Hymn. 50. 9. 
Kiomrlcoe. Anthol. Bosch. Mantissa Sec. Tom 3. 

p. 362. 
Arj'iricl, prcedatrici, {epithet of Diana). II. *c. 460.— 

ArfiTicec. Quint. Calab. y' . 544. 

— I ovLTiclc, from ovine, a sort of origanum, NieamL 

Alex. 56. 

— wkevpirlSi, from TrXevp'trtc , pleurisy . Epigr. 19. p. 207. 
TTop'iTtca is a misprint, Nic. Alex. 531 : — it should 

be 7rvp~tTlcd, from ttvoltlc, a flint. 
Zlvwrnrdo. Sinopian. Dionys. Per. 255. 
(fndplov, from mrapiov, a little icheaten bread, 

Epigr. 4. p. 411. 
triretrKovro, they ate. Od. w. 20S, 



t in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



53 



fi 


tfi, id, IK, tX, IfJL, IV, ITT, tp, IC, IT, l<p, IX- 


IT 


long 


TItyiveq. Proper name. 11.4.279. — TirrfviSoe ire- 


. 


Tpaq. Quint. Calab. i. 163. — TlTnari, to the Titans. 






Hes. Theog. 392. 


IT 




TiTaivovTaQ, Hes. Theog. 208, stretching out, accord- 
ing to some ; guilty, according to others, (jlravu, 
with gypsum, Hes. Scut. 141.) 


IT 


— 


T~iTvpoq. Proper name. 


IT 


— 


Tp'iToyevTjc — Tp'iroyeveia — Tp'iTwveq. Apoll.Arg. i. 109. 


4 


— 


1</>i, vigorous, with force. Hesiod. Epy. 539. 


"P 




ItyiaratTara. Proper name. 11. i. 145. The esta- 
blished rule is, that all words compounded with 
ifi have the i long before <p. 


up 




7<piyev€ia — ~i(piyerT]TOQ, begotten of strength. Orph. 
fr. — I0t£a/iac. Proper name. f^ioa^uavra. 11. 
X. 257. — I(j)lk\oq. Apoll. Argon, i. 45. — I(piK\oto, 
11. v. 698. — ~«j)toQ, strong. — ~i(pid fxrfka, lusty flocks. 
11. e. 556. — I(j)i\r)a. Proper name. Theocr. Idyl, 
xxiv. — IcptTOQ. Proper name. Jcjhtov. 11. /3. 518. 
— l(piT€iov. Anacr. xxxi. — I^tVtWa. Proper name. 
11. v. 382. 


if 


— 


Ki(pau),Iseek. crfuxra. Hes.Epy.372. — SlcpriTrjp, a seeker. 


+ 


— 


7ri<pav(jKu)p, indicating. 11. k. 502. 


«p 


— 


UTipdeai. Proper name, Orph. Argon. 122. 


4 


— 


TpityvWoQ, 6, tj, treble-leaved. 


l X 


— 


Kiyopa, succory. 


l X 




xbixapira^ stealer of crumbs. Name of a mouse in 
the Batrach. 



( 54 ) 
i IN ANTEPENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

VOWELS, 



ia, iat 9 ee, cr], to, tot, lov, tv, iu). 



long 



iu 



ldcrov, lasus." II. o. 332. Od. or. 245. — fdo-tw^a. 

Norm. Dionys. xi. 392. 
idaidrj, to Iasides. Od. 443. — An exception is formed 
by Idaora. Fragm. Hesiod. ed. Heinsii. 181. and 
Orph. Argon. 345. 
lacriQ, healing.— ~ia(j i fjioQ, curable, laofxai. — laro, he 
healed, at the beginning of the line, II. /x. 2. — 
'irjaaa&ai. II. e. 898.-— irjaerat. Od. i. b2b. — n/<re- 
rat. Od. i. 520. — 'tarpoq, with Aristophan. tarpoq 
and larrjp, a physician. 
Obs. The i is generally long in all words derived 

from laofiai, and is seldom shortened. 
Idfjievov, Iamenus. II. /x. 139. 
lardrf, he rejoiced. Opp. Kvv. $'. 375. 
dfjuavre, unpolluted. Opp. Hymn. 7. 13. from latroj ; 
laivovTCLi. Opp. Hal. y'. 617. — laiverai, he is 
cheered. Orph. A', ichtitlq. 2. — icttverai. Opp. 
Hal. a. 70. 
Idoveg, the Ionians. Apoll. Argon, i. 959. 
Ia7reroq. Proper name. — IdTrerioinir}. Hes. Epy. 55. 

and Apoll. Argon, iii. 1086. 
ta^e, it sounded. II. a. 482. — eifia^ov. II. e. 869. — 
avTidyz. Apoll. Argon, iv. 76. The following, 
however, are short ; Xayr\. II. I. 456.— Xayuv. II. 
e. 302.— dfxfid^Tidv. II. /?. 316. 



i in Antepenijltimates before Vowels. 



55 



1a, tat, te, 1/7, to, 101, wv, iv, ao. 



long* 



ta 
ta 



tat 
tat 



aviapoq, mournful. Opp. — avirjprjg. Quint. Calab. /3'. 
579. — avirjpeffrepov. Od. /3.190. — avirjpov is short, 
Epigr. 3. p. 26. as also dvirjporaTov. Tyrtaeus in 
Brunck. Analect. Tom. 1. p. 48. 

dvidrai, he is grieved, afflicted. Od. o. 334. — a via w. 
— atfafo. Od. a. 133. — a^7a£'. Od. J. 460. — 
aVIao-e^. Theocrit. Idyl. ii. — avirjdevra. II. /3. 291. 

SidfloXoQ, withNonnus,Paraphras. in Evangel. Johan. 

LiereKiadov, they followed. II. X. 52. — fj.ereKia.de. II. 
7r. 685. — Kiadto. 

Trpid/JL^rj. II. e. 684. 

poiridSoe (aKrrjc), of the resounding shore. Tryph. 209. 

Hivridcd (Krjfjvov). Apoll. Argon, iv. 1759. — Accord- 
ing to Hesychius, the Sintians, a people of Thrace, 
who inhabited the island of Lemnos. 

wiatvio, I fatten. 

avviatvova-L, they rejoice. Opp. Kvv. y'. 167. See 
also above, iavdrj. 

iefjai, and irjfji, I go. ievai is always short. 

lefjai, I wish, covet. — lero, he desired. II. /?. 589. 

X. 537. — iefxevio. II. o. 450. Od. S. 284. — ie/uevoio. 

II. j'. 291.— a^u^w | te|o-0^, 6o^ desired. II. <r. 501. 

iepoQ. — tepa. II. a. 147. — ieprja. II. a. 62. 

aviefxevov, neglected, relaxed. Epigr. 25. p. 397. — 
aviefxevovQ. Od. /3. 300. The Scholiast says e/c- 
Sepovraq, stripping off the skin of goats, from dveio, 
as well as avit]f.u. 



56 



i in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



ta, tat, te, t77, to, Loty toy, tv, tw. 



long 



IT) 



17] 

17] 

"I 

17] 
1*1 



17] 



STj/u'iepyot, public workmen, Od. r. 135. (The t here 
is apparently long, from the surrounding long syl- 
lables.) 

/uedlere, loosen. Tryphiod. 137. 

7Tte/xej/, to drink. II. 7r. 825. 

TUepoQ. Name of a mountain. — ITIeptoc — IlteptcW. 
Epigr. 4. p. 364. — Illept^ec, thePierides; surname 
given to the Muses. 

Trieipav apovpav, fat soil. II. <r. 541. 

T~ier\ from no), I honour. II. 0. 540. 

4777770, a physician. Hal. /3'. 597. — A more modern 
poet has £777770. Epigr. p. 395. (Many of the words 
which belong hereto have been presented under 7a- 
Giq^avlapoQ, and avlurat.)— Itjttjplu. Quint. Cal. £'.61. 

diBplTj, ignorance. Od. /i. 41. 

avl^pov, troublesome, as well as avlapoq. Od. p. 220. 

aT~tfju7](Ti, with insults. Od. ta 142. 

eve^lnjJLara, Nic. Alex. 233. The Scholiast explains 

it by 7raiyvia, joking, playthings. 
€7r~i7]\€r y he laid on. Od. x« 49. 
KaKoepyl7]Q i a misdeed. Od. x- 374. 

f £2c K'a/co|c0yll77C ev]epyecrt|77 /iey' d\juelvcjv. 
That well-doing is much better than evil-doing. 
7rp6dv^iiij(rt 9 readiness, (his courage). II. /3. 588. 
N.B. The quantity of the words KaKoepy'iTjQ, evep- 
ye&ir), and 7rpodvjbL~i7)(Ti plainly confirm the rule, 
that a doubtful vowel is lengthened by the sur- 
rounding long syllables. 



i in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



57 



LCI, fCU, L€, IT], LO, 101, 10V, tV, HO. 



i*l 



long 



"] 



to 

10 



10 
10 



To these belongs, also, vnepoTrXl^at, haughtiness, arro- 
gance. II. a. 205. 

raiv~ir](ri, from ran'ia, band, strip. Opp. Kvv. a'. 321. 
But in Opp. Hal. a. 100. we find ratvXat, a sort 
of fish. 

~iof.iev, we went; at the commencement of the line 
II. £ 374. — lovra, one who goes. Hes. Theog. 773. 
—lofiev. II. I 340. 

Iovloq, Iovltj. Proper name. 

Words derived from loc, a dart, poison. — ~ioyeaLpa, 
delighting in the dart. Hes. Theog. 14. II. e. 53. 
— lofioXoQ, throwing darts. 

Obs. lojjupoi, II. c. 242, seems to form an ex- 
ception, if it be derived from log, a dart, and be 
translated telis trucidandi, worthy of death. But 
Tor, a dart, is always long. The Scholiast has 
also another signification from lov, to, a violet, 
ol lo/uapyoi, eiQ iwv yj>r\cnv fxapyaivovreq mi fxwpai- 
vovteq : accordingly, either gluttons or effeminate 
persons, who, like the violet, soon perish. Schnei- 
der's Lexicon translates it shouters, screamers, by 
adopting another derivation. 

AqIovoq, of Arion; a musician, in Epigr. 2. p. 476. — 

Aplova. Quint. Calab. i . 86. 
A(TK\T]7ri6SoTov. Proper name. Epigr. 11. p. 500. 

fipaXiova, the arm. II. jn. 389. n. 322. Theocrit. 
Idyl. xvi. 



58 



i in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



ta, tat, te, trj, to, tot, tov, tv, tw. 



long 



10 
to 
10 
to 
to 



to 
to 

to 
to 

to 
to 
to 



ArfioiuSao. Proper name. Callim. in Dian. 

dioyevee, begotten by Jupiter. II. t. 640. When how- 
ever it is not followed by two short syllables, the 
t remains short ; as, Storpetyeq, II. k. 43. 

SoXiovec (a^cJoec). Apoll. Argon, i. 947. — AoXoVtoVoc. 
Proper name. II. e. 77. 

EXdr'iovicrj, a Patronymic. Horn, in Apoll. 210. 

efjnrpiovTci gXvt]ttvv, pungent mustard. Nic. Alex. 533. 

er'iofxev, we honoured. II. o. 439. 

E^'oVa. Proper name. Orph. Argon. 133. 

I&ovIvjq dXoxotOy of the Ixionian spouse. II. £. 317. 

kiov (iadva), columns. Hes. Theog. 522. — kiooIv, with 
columns. Hes. Theog. 779. 

kovIovteq, raising the dust. II. v//. 372. — Koy'id/uievot. 
Quint. Calab. c". 240. 

KvXidfjievov, from KvXtu), I turn, roll, &c. Epigr.3. p. 1 15. 

MoXiord. Name. II. X. 322 MoXiove. Dual. II. 

X. 708. 

NofudvoGtofNomion. ll.fi 871. 

oiofiat frequently occurs in Homer with its various 

tenses, from o'loj, I think. II. a. 59. 170. 
opyiovdg, priests. Horn, in Apol. 389. 
ocfioveov 0x vo 0> track of serpents. Opp. Kvv.fi'. 237. 
Ilayc^o^c. The daughter of Pandion. Hes. Epy. 

566. — HavSloviddo. Dionys. Per. 1024. 
7t~i6jwq aiyoq, of the fat goat. II. t. 207. — Tfiordrov. 

II. t. 573. — nidrdroio. Dion. Per. 220. 



i in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



59 



m, ie, trj y to, tot, tov, tv, 110. 



10 


long 


10 


— 


10 


— 


tot 


— 


tot 


— 


101 


— 



IOV 




LOV 





IV 





IV 


— 


IV 


— 


no 


— 


Id) 





OO 


— 


lit) 


— 


L(0 





TaXdidvidad (avaKToq). Patronymicum. II. /3. 566. 

II. i//. 678. Adrastus, the son of Talaus. 
xnrep'iovoQ. II. d. 480. — vTreplovl. Od. / u. 133. — f Y7rep- 

'loviSdo, of the son of Hyperion. Nic. Ther. 679. 
XJidveoio, snow-white. Coluth. 226. — ylbveojv (jrap- 

etwv) of snow-white (cheeks). Musaeus, Hero et 

Leand. 58. — yltoveeaGav, snowy. Nic. Alex. 512. 

— But xiwv, snow, is short. Opp. Kw. y. 171. 
aveiplolo, of the sister' s child. Quint. Calab. y' . 295. 

(long,on account of the surrounding long syllables.) 
Kpioio, of a ram. Arat. Phain. 225. Also with 

Dionys. Per. 
bXfilo'ujXv, to the happy. Orph. Hymn. 25. 11. (on 

account of the surrounding long syllables.) 
iroXiovypio, of the protectress of the city. Tryph. 432. 
€7nfjirjv~iov(Tai, raging. Opp. Hal. y . 607. 
~ivyr\ and 'ivyjioq, shout, noise, voice, 'ivyjua). II. a, 572. 
IvKra, for 'lvktyiq, a singer. Theocrit. Id. viii. 
u/£&>, I cry out. — 'iv^ovaiv. II. p. 66. 
IwXkoq. Name of a town in Thessaly. Apoll. Arg. iii. 

1090. See also iii. 1 134.— IuXkov. Hes.Theog.997. 

I^Xjuoc, 'iwxixoLo, the tumult of battle. Quint. Calab. 

a'. 366. Hesiod. Theog. 683. 
A'nopeog. Name. II. p. 429. — ^'iwprjg. II. /3. 622. 
~tdv7rr7it)va ({xeXtrjv), the straight-flying lance. II. (p.169. 
fjLv'Hodrjq, mossy, — fxvnoied dp'id, mossy leaves. Nicand. 

Alex. 497, 



60 



i in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 







la, te, t*/, to, 101, tov, no, tv. 



long 



wpoiio^, ttoXiw^lq, pursuit, repulse. Hes. Scut. 154. 

ev $€ 7rp6\iw\£~iQ re 7ra|\7w|£7c re t€\tvkt6. 
&d~Hx)Tr)Q. An inhabitant of the town $>0~ia in Thes- 
saly. — $07oi, the Phthians, is always long. II. v. 
686. ^d'tiov. II. v. 693. 699. 
Itylwyoc. Orion. II. a. 486. 

Obs. From the above examples, it is evident that 
the i is usually long, in two cases especially ; 
namely, when it stands between two long sylla- 
bles, and when it is followed by two short ones. 



/ IN PENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

CONSONANTS. 



fi 



ip. 



l P 



'lprj. Name of a town under the dominion of Aga- 
memnon. — 'Iprjv. II. e. 150. 

[prjl, a hawk. II. v. 62. 

IpoQ, holy. — IprjQ. II. f. 96. 

Ijooc. Name of a beggar. Od. <x. 238. lpiq, the 
rainbow, and also the goddess Iris. Horn, in 
Apoll. 102. 

Xipog, impudent, shameless. 

NI/ooc, WipevQ, OaipLQ, HeTOcnpiQ, Herooripip. Epigr. 3. 
p. 181. T'ipvvc. Names. 

It is a general rule that all penultimates in tp are long. 

W. 



t in Penultimates before Consonants. 



61 



ifi, iy, lE, id, IK, lX, l[X, IV, ITT, ip, IQ, IT, L(j>, 1^. 



«/3 



long 



i/3 



iy 
l 7 






IjSig, the Egyptian sorcerer. 
axplfitiQ, accurate. Theocrit. 
epvcrlfit], mildew. Orph. 
OXifioj, I press. Nicand. 

(T-'ifirj, rime, dew, frost. Od. p. 25; at the commence- 
ment of the line. 
Tpifito, I rub, rub out. — Siarpljjeiv. II. S. 42. — Tpl- 

fieivde. II. \p. 735. — rpl/joq, footpath, practice. 

Horn, in Merc. 447. — trvvrpifi*. Horn. Epigr. xv.9. 

— evrptficoQ. Nic. Alex. 328. — evrf>r/3i. Nic. 

Alex. 43. 
Tij3vp, and with Nonnus Tlfiepiaq. 
y~iyag, a giant. We find once in Orpheus, ylyavTiav. 
/laorlya, from fiatrn^, a scourge. II. e. 226. 6. 392. 
plyoQ, the cold, plyeoj, epp'iyoj, I tremble, shiver. So 

also in the remaining words connected with these, 

plyiov, plyrjXoq. Hesiod. 

criyri, silence, in Homer and other Poets. 
7€TTiyu)v, of grasshoppers. Epigr. 6. p. 38. 
7ryiyo), I choke. \ 
Idrjq, from iSn. Name of a mountain in Crete. II. (3. 

821. 824. v. 91. So also with Hesiod.— ISag. 

Vocative. . Proper name. Orph. Argon. 175. 
t£ei, in the heat, from lSoq, to, in the beginning of 

the line, Hes. Scut. 397. and Dionys. Per. 966. 
eiXiSov, entangled, &c. Epigr. 2. p. 84. 



62 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



i 


t/3, iy, 1$, id, IK, iX, Ifl, IV, ITT, tp, LQ, IT, L(j), %- 


a 


long 


The oblique cases of 15, which have iloq in the 
Genitive. 


iS 


— 


a-^'ila, from a\piq, a circle, an arch. Epigr. 4. p. 162. 


a 





(oaXfilSa, from [ZaXfiic, a limit, boundary. Opp. 
Kvv. a. 512. — (laXfilSoq. Nonn. Dionys. x. 397. 


i5 





/jarpaxiSag, from fiaTpa^iQj a sort of frog. Nicand. 
Ther. 416. 


iS 




KvrjjJuSag, from KvrjfjiiQ, covering for the leg, a boot. 
Hes. Scut. 122. 

€VKV7]fMC€Q. 11. a. 17. 


tS 





KaXajdlSa, from /caXa/xtc, a fishing-rod made of reed. 
Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 422. 


a 





KavovlSd, from kcivoviq, measure, rule; as also kclvw. 
Epigr. 1. p. 577. 


tS 


— 


KaplSiov, from Kapig, a shrimp. Opp. Hal. a'. 281. 


tS 


— 


KqXiSeq, from ktjXiq, spots, dirt. Epigr. 4. p. 189. 


1$ 





kXtjISoq, from tcXtjlq, the collar-bone. 11. e. 579. — 
KXv'iSa. 11. p. 309.— ttoXvkXtjISi. 11. rj. 88. 


iS 




Kpnifica, from Kpt]7riq, a sort of shoe, base, frame, 
margin. Epigr. 13. p. 268. — KpriwlS*. Epigr. 13. 
p. 388. 


tS 





Kvv&iSee, Cynthian. Epigr. 26. p. 567. 


iS 





fidivlSeq, from juaivig, a small sea fish, which is 
salted. Opp. Hal. a. 108. 


iB 




vefiplSeq, from vej3piq t skin of a fawn. Dionys. Per. 
1155, and ve/jplSaq, ibid. 703. 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



63 



l(o, ly, l$ 9 id, IK, iX, Ifl, IV, ITT, ip, LQ, IT, i(p, ix- 



lS long 









tc 

a 



prjeiSoQ, from vr\(nc, a small island. Epigr. 11. p. 545. 

UeptriSa, from Hepatg, a Persian woman. Orph. V. 

KovpaXiov. 33. 
7r\oKafju^ag, from 7r\oKa/uiq, a lock of hair, Bion. 

Epitaph. Adon. and Theocrit. Idyl. — 7rXoKajuuSog. 

Phocyl. 198. 

pa(f)av~i()(i)y, from pacpaviq, a radish. Epigr. 2. p. 262. 

pnfifia, from pnric, a fan. Epigr. 2. p. 570. 

(TKrafxlSa, from (naa^ic (^mricrafXLc, a herb, otherwise 
called (TYiGafAoeihic). Batrach. 36. 

crcppayiSoc, from vtypayiQ, a seal, a seal-ring, sealing- 
wax. Epigr. 5. p. 50. It is also written Dorice 
with an rj, vtypriylSa. 

(TXpLviSa, from (rxotriQ, an utensil made of rushes. 
Theocrit. Idyl, xxiii. 

Xeip'iSaq, from x €L P iC >> s l eeve > glove. Od. oj. 229. 

\br}(j>i()€Q, from t/^tc, a stone or pebble. II. 260. — 
jneXa/n^cpidog. Callim. Hymn, in Dian. 

The remaining words are : — JLvp'nriSri, O Euripides ! 
Is somewhat uncommon. Epigr. 23. p. 366. — 
In the other Epigrams it occurs short ; for in- 
stance, Epigr. 24. p. 366. 

Kv'^ri, a stinging-nettle. Theocrit. Idyl. vii. 

7n£a£, a fountain. — TToXyrfiSaKa. II. £. 283. 

TloXviSov. Proper name. 7roXviSog. Epigr. 51. p. 521. 

UoXvdepcrlSv. Vocative. According to the Scho- 
liast, the son of Polythersus. Od. x- ^87. 



64 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



ifi, L*y, id, IK, l\, IfX, IV, L7T, ip, l£, IT, t(p, 1%. 



(riot], pomegranate, the tree and fruit. — (riStjQ. Nic. 
Alex. 489. — yXvKvalSrje, peony, Nic. Ther. 940. 

X^X'iSojv, swallow. Hes. Epy.566. — XeXiSovioi (vnarot), 
the Swallow Islands. Dionys. Per. 506. 

X^idn, effeminacy. — yXidcu. PhocyL 200. 

Wve, straight. II. e. 506. II. (p. 398. It occurs short 
but seldom : idvq. Od. p. 33. 

ayXlOeg. Nic. Ther. 874. from ayXig, Woq, a kernel; 
several of which form a head of garlick. 

(3p76oQ, ro, weight.— ppldvQ, (iplOoj, fipldetv, to bear down 
with one's weight : from thence, in speaking of 
fruit, to cover, strew the ground, &c. Hes. Epy. 464. 
—ppldojuevn. II. 0.306. 

SetSWi, fear. Nicand. Alex. 443. 

epldevq, a red-breast. Arat. Diosem. 1025. Ac- 
cording to the edition of Buhle, 293. 

epldog, a hireling. — crvveplOoq, a female assistant. 
Od. f . 32. 

Kpldrj, barley. 

fxep/uiOi, from /jtep/uig, Wog, a band, belt, rope. Od. 

k. 23. 
AidoQ. A name in Homer. But XWoc, a stone, is 

short. Od. 0. 190. Theocrit. Idyl. vii. 
opv'idi, from opvic, IOoq, a bird. II £.290. — opvWaq 

— opv7x a cfor opvWag, Callim. in the bath of Pallas, 

—opv-fiuv. II. /3. 459. 764. 
Yidwv. Proper name. 



eg 


long 


th 


— 


tS 


— 


td 


— 


id 


— 


id 


— 


td 




id 


— 


id 


— 


id 


. 


id 


— 


td 


— 


td 


— 


td 





i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



65 



tft, iy, i$, id, uc a i\ y tfi, iv, nr, tp, iq, it, t<ji, <x« 



IK 
IK 



IK 
IK 



long 



itch) and iKavco are doubtful. 

iKev. II. a. 31 7.— Ikovto. II. 3. 383.— kd^e. II. ft. 168. 

- — iKecrdrjv. II. a. 328. — flayer. II. ft. 171.— tK-qat. 

II. £ 143. 
clkikvc, weak. Od. t. 515. — kIkvq, strength. Od.X. 392. 

fte/uftlKeg, from ftejufti'^ also fte^ftn^, top, whirlwind. 

Nic. Alex. 187. 
rprjvlKoy, from Tprjv'iKog. Name of a river. Hesiod. 

Theog. 342. 
Qprj'iKOQ, of Thracian. Arat. Phoen. 355. — QpifiKeq 

(l7T7rot), Thracian horses. Opp. Kv>>. a. 172.— 

QpfjiKiQQ and Qprj'iKirj. Horn. Hymn, in Apol. 33 

and 34. 

Ka'iKov, Ca'icus. Name of a river. Hes. Theog. 343. 

MafZfrec (i7nroi), Mauritanian horses. The Mazaces 
are a nation in Mauritania, skilled in horseman- 
ship. Since, however, Ma f wee stands between 
the Cretan and Achaian horses, Opp. Kvv. a. 170, 
the Mafucec seem to be a people distinct from the 
Mauritanians. 

fxvplKt], the tamarisk, is long in other poets, but 
doubtful in Homer.— fxvplKai. II. <f>. 350.— -/uvplKi^v. 
II. k. 466, 467.— fivplKr](TLv. II. f. 28. 

vIkyi, victory. — vIkiiv. II. 77. 26. — vltcricrejjLev. II. ft. 597. 
This word is long with its compounds ; as, EvpIkci, 
Name of a nymph. Theocrit. Id. xiii. — HoXvvikov, 
Proper name. Epigr. 24. p. 287. — SrpaTiovlKtj, 
Proper name. Fragm. Hesiod. 5 according to the 
edition of Heinsius, p. 183. 
F 



66 



t in Penultimates before Consonants. 



. 



j3 IJJ, ty, id, lQ y LK 9 t\ 9 IfXy IV 3 17T, Ip, IQ, IT, l(j) , t\. 



long 



*A 



irepBiKa, from irepSt!;, a partridge. Epigr. 3. p. 358. 

— 7repS'LK€. Dual. Orph. X. vwod. 16. 
paSlKct, from paSi£, a branch, twig. Nic. Alex. 57. 
2jTku)v, Genitive, from Eckoc or 2ikw. A frontier of 

Liburnia. Epigr. 57. p. 279. 
anaS'iKa, from aira^i^, a plucked branch, particularly 

of palm with the fruit. Nic. Alex. 528. 
ftoivlKr). Proper name. — cf>oiv~iKi, with purple, II. £. 

219, from <E>oij/i£, Zkoq, a Phoenician ; (2.) purple ; 

(3.) palm-tree; (4.) the Phoenix; (5.) purple; 

subst. — QolvlKoevGav. II. k. 133. — &oiv~lkoq, Genit. 

of Phoenix. Proper name. II. £. 221. 
(pplKoq, from (ppil, the tumultuous blast of the north- 
wind. II. \p. 692. — (j>p~iKi. Od. S. 402. — (pplx-n, the 

same as (ppd,, also terror, horror, bristling. 
IXov. Proper name. II. k. 415. and Orph. Arg. 177. 
tXvv, from lXvs, mud. Dionys. Per. 229. 
aiylXog, a herb, of which goats are fond. Theocrit. 
apylXog, potter's clay. — apylXov. Opp. Hal. B'. 658. 
A%iXw* Proper name. Callim. Hymn, in Apoll, 
evveaylXoi, SeicaylXoi. II. |. 148. See under ylXioi. 
kovIXt), cunila; according to some, flea-bane, of the 

genus origanum, origany, wild-marjoram. Nic. 

Ther. 

liiXat,, the same as (TfxiXa^, the yew-tree. Opp. Kvv. 

$'. 261. 
veoylXog, new-born, Orph. and Theocrit. 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



67 



tj3, ty, id, id, uc, iX, ijd, iv, nr 9 ip, ic, it, up, i\. 



tX 


long 


l\ 


— 


iX 


— 


t\ 




iX 


— 


iX 


— 


tX 


— 


tX 


— 


iX 


. — 


* 


— 


iX — 


t\ 


— 


£ A* 


— , 




tfA 

\ 


1 



O'iXevc. Proper name. Apol. Argon, i. 74. 

6/luXoq, a crowd. II. y. 36. 449. 

-nreclXov, a sandal ; KctXct TredlXa, beautiful shoes. 

II. (3. 44. As applied to Mercury, the talaria or 

wrings on the feet. 
tt'iXoc, hair. ttIXoic. Hesiod. Epy. 540. 
(TfilXr], a knife. Epigr. 19. p. 311. 
o-pTXoQ and dfTiXa^, the yew-tree. — ffjulXov. Nic. 

Alex. 624. 
2o<p~i\ov. Proper name. Epigr. 15. p. 3S2. 
cr-lXaq and (rrrlXoc, a cliff, — airlXa^eq. Od. e. 405 

So also in vrnXadecmv, Od. y. 298. 
-TXcu*to tear up. Theocrit. Idyl. ii. 
\iXoe, fodder. — \iXrjyovov, from x^Xrjyovog, made 

for fodder. Nic. Alex. 424. 
XlXujy. Name of a town. Epigr. 16. p. 396. 
\blXoe, slender. See under \L~i\u)6pov. 

(jhXoq — <p'iXe, dear. II. £. 155. — (p'tXat. Imperat. 

II. k. 230. — (fiXe* or (plXai. II. e. 117. according to 

other editions. 
Ipaq, a thong, is doubtful. This is evident also 

from the oblique cases. — IfAavrevvtv. II. 6. 544. — 

IfiddL. II. o. 30. 
a7ro(j)dljut)v, I was destroyed, I was injured. Od. k. 91. 
fipl/j.ri, threatening. — Bplf.i<o, Proserpine or Hecate, 

because they appear with terrific signs. Apoll. 

Arsr. iv, 1677. 



68 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



//3, iy, i$, id, ik, (X, iu, iy, nr, ip, ic, tr, i0, tx- 



7* 









long 



}3p~tfj.uj | vvktI 7rd\\uv \Q6vl\rjv eve\po~i(jlv d\vd<jadv. 

Proserpine, the night-wandering subterranean mis- 
tress of the infernal regions. 
AiqtI/uov. Proper name. Epigr. 11. p. 229. 
cplfjive, Ip'ijiv, sharp, bitter. Hes. Scut. 456 ; at the 

beginning of the line. (See under Eplfxeta.) 

€v(jHjjLoy, from ev(fi}jLOQ,very astringent. Nic. Alex. 275. 
It is a rule that compound words in l^oq are long. 
fiovXifuoQ, sharp-hunger ; arljjioc, dishonoured ; tcpdl- 
/itog, valiant. — An exception is formed by 7rdyrtjjL€, 
Orph.Hymn. 62. 3. This is the more remarkable, 
since tIiutj, with its derivatives, is long, and the 
established rule is universally confirmed. Orpheus, 
however, abounds in striking deviations from the 
usual prosodiacal rules. 

fcAl/zai;, a ladder. 

XifioQ, hunger. Hes. Epy. 228. 

(iTjvifia, anger. The general rule is, that words in 
ifjici, whose primitives have the i long in the pen- 
ultimate, remain long ; as, XP^ a > from XP~ LU) > 
I anoint. 

/ul/bLOG, an imitator, a mimic. — /jl'ljuov, imitate. Pho- 
cyl. 73. 

ofi[3plfjLT]Q. Genitiv. Fern, from ofifipi/uog, strong. Horn. 
Hymn, in Minerv. 10. p. 532. Ed. SchreveL of 
the Odyss. Lugd. Bat. 1656. 4. appears to have 
this quantity from the surrounding long syllables. 
For otherwise ojifipi/jioQ, ofipifMOQ, is short. II. y, 
357. Hes. e'.144.— ofipipov. Hes. Theogon. 839. 



t in Penultimates before Consonants. 



69 



[3 t/3, iy, IC>, l6, IK, l\, l/U, IV, ITT, Ip, IQ, IT, l<p, l"fc. 



W 



long 



W 



fr'tfioQ, one who has a crooked nose ; o-ljua yeXwr, 
laughing with turned-tip nose. Epigr. Meleagr. 

tI/uitj, honour, with its derivatives and compounds. 
■ — epiT'ifJLoq. II. o. 361. — rljuwcrtv. II. \p. 787. 

^'l/hoq, a muzzle, a band. 

In the great number of words which contain this 
syllable ir, and which we shall here arrange 
alphabetically for the sake of facilitating research, 
it will be useful to advance, beforehand, a few 
leading rules, which may then be referred to in 
individual cases. 

Rule 1. Dissyllabic and polysyllabic gravitones 
in ivoq lengthen the i. Guillon has taken this 
rule from the Etymologicum : rd hd tov ivoq 
irpo fiLciq tov tovov eyovTa, eKTeivovvi to i* 7r\rjv 
tov €%ivoQ, tcapKn'OQ' 7Tjoo Svo £e TOV TOVOV eyovTd 
(TWTeWei, nXrjv tov kcljilvoq, TctXavpivoq. (Words 
in ivoq, which have the accent before the last syl- 
lable, lengthen the e, except e^Voc, KaptcivoQ : those, 
however, which have the accent before two sylla- 
bles shorten the «, except kcljmvoq, TaXavptvocJ) 
The following, therefore, are long, as is demon- 
strated below : Acitivoq, yrjplvoQ. The following re- 
main short: KapKivoc,a crab. Arat. Phcen. 187. — 
KocptvoQ, a basket.— kotlvoq, a wild olive-tree. — Short, 
also, are those which denote substance or quality: 
KecHptvoe, dpvivoq, fivjiXXvoQ, Xa'ivoq. II. t. 404, 
— eXdtvo), II. v. 612. 



70 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



ifi, iy 9 L<$, id, IK, l\, ifJLy IV, LIT, ip, LQ, IT, l(j), 1%' 



long 



IV 
IV 



IV 



Rule 2. According to the same rule, words in 

ivov are long ; as aekivov. 

Rule 3. Polysyllabic words in ivrj are long : 

/uoXvpSlvrj, aSpcHTrlvr], &c. Except eikcnrlvr) and 

Tiapivw. II. /3. 471. 

Rule 4. Trisyllabic words in ivrj, which have 

the first syllable long ; as, vrjprj'ivTj, pr\rlvr\* 

Rule 5. Names of places and towns are long ; as 
aiy'iva. 

Rule 6. Verbs in ivto and ivo/dai are long; as, 

7riv(o, ylvo/mai, Givofxai. 
Iveq, the nerves. Od. \. 218. — Iv'aweXedpov, immense 

strength. II. ?;• 269. 
Iva, where. Arat. Phoen. This is unusual ; but it 

is nevertheless found more than once in modern 

poets; viz. Epigr. 52. p. 279. 
Ivu. Proper name. Od. e. 461. 
aylvet, he brings. Od. £. 105. 
ayyiofivai, huddled together. II. e. 141. 
hZpaGTivif). Name. (Rule 3.) — A.lpr\GTivY]. II. e. 412, 
adeplvai, from adep'ivrj, (Rule 3.) a small bony fish, 

Opp. Hal. a. 108. 
Aiylvrj. Name. (Rule 5.) 

Aujt'ivvq, of the daughter of Metes. (Rule 4.) 
Dionys. Per. 490. 

Aurx<)"K* Proper name. Epigr. 2. p. 514. — Aiaxha. 
Vocative. Theocrit. Idyl. xiv. 



t in Penultimates before Consonants. 



71 



: 



*/3, tyj t£, 10, Iff, tX, t/^, IV, L7T, lf>, IQ, IT, l(p, Ifc 



long" 



IV 
IV 



IV 

IV 



IV 

IV 



IV 

IV 



IV 
IV 
IV 



AKecrlvi-jv, from AKecrivrj, (Rule 3*) Name of a 
country. Dionys. Per. 1138. 

ciktIvcov, of rays. Epigr. 6. p. 38. 

avatcXivai, (see Rule 6.) II. 6. 395. — kXIvci, for 
kXivj], a cam]). — etcXivav. II. e.37. — eickXvev. Od. %. 
121. — aK\lvr). Orph. Hymn. 63. 4, The perfects 
and pluperfects formed from kXivoj are short : 
KeKkijLLevr]. Od. f . 307, — 7ro7t/c€fcXtrai. Ibid. 308. 

aTreplvrjq. 

Ap^lv. Vocative. Name. Antholog. Bosch. Tom. 3. 
p. 3 and 362. 

a'&vii, an axe, a hatchet. 

yvplvojv, from yvp\voq y 6, frogs? spawn ; which at first 
has the appearance of a ball with a tail, from 
yvpoq, a circle. Arat. Dios. 215. (Rule 1.) 

focucplvrj. II. r\. 378. (from Kplvw, Rule 6.) 

SlvaLGL, from S'ivtj, a whirlpool. Orph. Arg. 1129. — 
The same poet has also dlvaic, Argon. 1031. — 
evcTiva, ra, the entrails. — evS'ivwv. II. \p. 806. 
— fcvoe, signifying the same as Slvrj, a whirl- 
pool. 

SeXfiveg, dolphins. Hes. Scut. 210.— SeXfiva. Epigr. 
p. 330. 

SofJLvlve. Epigr. 10. p. 489. 
Swrlvt], a gift. (Rule 4.) 

JLXevGlvoQ. Proper name. Homer, in Cerer. 97.— 
EXevct^^do. Ibid. 105. 



l in Penultimates before Consonants. 



i/3, ty, t£, £0, ur, t\, t/i, ir, tr, <p, lc, it, i<p, tx- 



: long* 



LV 
IV 



IV 
IV 



iV 
IV 
IV 



eX'fvTjv, from ek&vti, (Rule 4.) a plant: otherwise 
called 7r€pEiKLov ; Latine, parietaria and urceo- 
laris ; Anglice, feverfew. 

Epylvov. Proper name. Horn, in Apol. 297. — Epy'ivoQ. 
Orph. Argon. 150. 

eplvog, a wild fig-tree. — eplvaq signifies the same. 
(See under ep'ivacoc.) 

eouiv, Od. ip. 198. fulcrum. 

EpvO'ivovQ. Proper name. II. /3. 855. 

Obs. ^EpvGlvoi, Opp. Hal. 97. is apparently a 

mistake, and should be epvOpivoi, erythrinus, a 

sort offish. 

Evr}i>7vt)Q. Proper name. II. u 553. (Rule 3.) 
evplvwv (fjKvkaKb) V s ), searching hounds. Epigr.2. p. 513. 

evppivoLCy from evpplvoc, signifying the same as ei>- 
P'ivoq, well- searching. Apoll. Argon, iii. 1297. 

eylvov, of a hedge-hog. Opp. Kvv. /3\ 598. This con- 
tradicts the extract from the Etymol. upon e^ivoq, 
under Rule 1.* 

TJpw'ivT], a demi-goddess. Dionys. Per. — ijoco'ivriQ. Cal- 

lim. Hymn, in Delum. (Rule 3.) 

OafjilvoQ, crowded. Nic. Ther. 239. 

Oeplvoc, summery, of summer. Anacreon liii. 

Op'ivaZ, a trident, afork.—Bplva^L. Nic. Ther. 114. 

* I have in vain endeavoured to find an instance of the i in 
i%ivo$ being used short. All the woiks that have been written 
on the subject, in England, contradict this assertion of Guillon. 

(J. E. Tayler.) 



t in Penultimates before Consonants. 



ifi, ty, /£, 10, lie, t\, i/li, ty, t?r, ip, ic, i-. /0, tx- 



IV 



Ions: 



ir 

IV 
IV 
IV 



LV 
IV 
IV 



dpicaxlvoq, of lettuce. (Rule 1.) 

lktIvov, from lktIvoq, a kite. Epigr. p. 178. — IktIvoq, 

6, a sort of wolf . Opp. Kvv. y' . 331. 
KaXadlvrj, from KaXadivoe, belonging to a basket. 

Epigr. 33. p. 64. 

Ka/biaplva, Name of a place. (Rule 5) 

tccijulvoc, KajXlvov. Homer. Epigr. — 6 tea filvog, 11. 

and 2. Edit. Schrevel. p. 536. — Kafiivol, from 

k-ctfi'LVG), ovc, sooty, blackish. Od. or. 27. 
KacrcoXlrov. Name of a river. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 

3. p. 442. 
Kevrplvai, from Kevrplviic, ov, a shark. Opp. Hal. a. 

378. 
kIklvoic, to locks. Theocrit. Idyl, xii. 
k'ivclv, to move. Epigr. 11. p. 168. (kIvw, Rule 6.) 
xXiru), with its different tenses and compounds, has 

been mentioned. (Rule 6.) 
KopaKlvoc, a sort of sea and river fish. Opp. Hal. y. 184. 
Kparlvog. Proper name. Epigr. 7. p. 116. 
Kplvu), I judge. See under eKplvar (Rule 6). 
KvicXafjilvov, swine's food. Theocrit. Idyl. v. and Nic. 

Ther. 945. — KVKXafxlvog, 77, KVKXa(j.lvov, to, and 

hvkXcl/jlIc;, are used. 
wn-plvoi, a sort of carp. Opp. Hal. a. 101. Cyprinus. 
AarlvoQ. Latin. (Rule 1.) 
Xlvov, to, a string, line. II. >x. 570. 



74 



t in Penultimates before Consonants 



iff, iy, Jt 3 tK, tX, Lfl, LV, L7T, ip 9 iC, IT, £</>, ix- 



lone: 



lv 

IV 
IV 



LV 
LV 



Ao/3plv)]c 7 of a Lobrinian (icoman). From a moun- 
tain sacred to Rhea. Nic. Alex. 8. 

'Mlvtoe. Proper name. — Mlvw. II. £. 322. — Mivtoog. 
Od. p. 523. — MIvojlc. Apoll. Argon, iii. 997. (By 
the Rule, that derivatives regulate themselves ac- 
cording to their primitives.) 

Maplvov. Name of a city. Epigr. 5. p. 162. 

'MeXtTLva. Name. Epigr. 8. p. 156. 

fjLevctjjiiiplva, noon-day. Adjective. Callim. Bath 
of Pallas. — fieaafjLlDplvrjv. Opp. Kvv. a. 29S. 

fjioXvjjSlvoQ, also /jioXificlvoc, leaden. 

MvpivTjz, Mvplvtj. Name of a town at the end of 
Lemnos. (cttl tco re\ei ri]c At}/jlvov.) Apoll. Argon. 
i. 604. — fivplvqe, of myrtle. Opp. Hal. c . 165. 

fjLvpTlvrjs, of myrtle. Nic. Alex. 88. 

o7nop"Lvt]v 9 generally translated autumnal. Schneiders 
Lexicon, however, brings to our recollection, that 
oTTtopa signifies the hottest time of the year, con- 
sequently the dog-days ; and that onwpLvoc, there- 
fore, rather denotes that which belongs to the dog- 
days, at the time of the dog-days. Opp. Hal. y. 

399. OTTLOpiLVOV. Ibid. 371. 07TLOp~lVa). II. e. 5. 

7t. 3S5. — oTTcoplvoiGL. Nic. Alex. 517. — o-upTvco, 
Hes. Epy. 675. — oirwpivov. Hes. Epy. 672. and 
Arat. Dios. 332. ed. Buhle. 
Obs. From these examples of the method used 
by most poets of forming quantity, we find a con- 



ix Penultimates before Consonants. 



75 



Lf3, ty, iC, id, llf 3 iX, Ifi, LV, in, ip, iC. iT, L(p, i\- 



long" 



IV 
IV 



IV 
IV 
IV 



firmation of the Rule, that a doubtful vowel is 

Ions: when surrounded bv Ion 2; syllables ; but is 

used short when followed by a short syllable, in 

order to form a dactyL 
opdplvov, early, (in the morning). x\rat. Dios. 313. 

opdpivog. Epigr. 16. p. 583. 
op'ive, from op'ivco, I move, awake, excite. (Rule 6.) 

II. £.459. — op'iv7}c. II. w. 467. — oplrofxevr}. II. p. 294, 
ovTpaKop'iva, from ocrrpaKoplvoc, having a hard shell. 

Opp. Hal. a. 313. 
-Ivoj, I drink. (Rule 6.) 
-€v\tcev-l\v6v 2t\d|po7o, of the river Silarus, grown 

over with pitch-trees. Dionys. Per. 361. 
Troip'iva. Another reading is Tr^piva, from 7rqpiv. Ivoe, 

6, or -ripcQ, i], a testicle. Xic Ther. 5S6. 
-oXvyXuylva, from ~o\vy\k)Xiv, many-pointed. Xic, 

Ther. 36. So also TavvyXcovlvac. II. 0. 397. and 

-piy\co)(lvi, II. e. 393. 
Trplvov, from wplvoc, 1), an oak. Epigr. 7. p. 3S. 
Trpo^vrjffrlvoi, one after another, separately. Od. p. 230. 
aVKlvric, thick. Od. \js. 193. An unusual instance, in 

the beginning of the verse. ttvkIvwq. Od. if/. 194. 

— —vKivcu. II. c. 281. e. 93. 
plvt], ?;, a file. Epigr. 3S. p. 424. — plv)j, a sort of 

shark. Opp. Hal. a . 742. 
plvoc, 6, leather, a hide. — plvov. Hes. Epy. 513. — - 

nivor, II. e. 308. 



76 



t in Penultimates before Consonants. 






i/3, ly, IC, id, IK, iX, LfX, IV, lit, ip, ig, it, up, *x- 


IV 


long 


plvog, of the nose, from piv and pic, the nose. Epigr. 5. 
p. 194. 


IV 




plvov, to, shield. Od. e. 281. The Scholiast says 
on this occasion, " If we read pivov here, it would 
signify shield ; if, however, it should be eplveov, it 
would signify the same as vvKea, jig-tree." 


IV 


— 


prjyjbuvi, from ptiyjutv, tvoc, a shore. 11. a. 437. 6. 501 . 


IV 


— 


prjTivrj, gum of trees, in Nicand. 


IV 


— 


'¥ov<fivoq. Proper name. Floril. Vol. 2. p. 200. 


IV 


___ 


HaXajjuvoq, Salamis. Proper name. 11. ft. 557. Ho- 
mer, in Aphrod. x. 4. p. 164 ; edition of Hermann. 


IV 


— 


areXivov, parsley. 


IV 


— _ 


divoQ, injury. — dived. Nic. Alex. 231. — atvoq. Nic. 
Ther. 653. 


IV 


— 


(jTCMpvXivov, rj, parsnip ; likewise an insect of the 
size of the cnrov()v\r]. Nic. Ther. 843. 


IV 


— 


crylvu, from g\ivoq, 6, the mastich-tree. Epigr. 4. 
p. 135. — orxJvoi. Arat. Dios. 313. 


IV 


— 


Tiveiv, from tTvio, (Rule 6.) I value, honour, pay the 
worth. 11. or. 407. — t~iv€T€. Apoll. Argon, iv. 1327. 


IV 


— 


TaXavplvov, from TaXavplvog, patient, long-suffering. 
11, e. 289. 


IV 


— 


TapdvTivcov, of the Tarentines. Epigr. 46. p. 290. 


IV 


— 


TeXxiveq. Proper name. Callim. in Delum. 


IV 


— 


Tprjxiv evefjLovTO. Name. 11. ft. 682. 


IV 


— 


*Yp{xivr). Name of a town. 11. ft. 616. (Rule 5.) 


IV 


— - 


vcrylvu). Nic. Ther. 511. from vrrylvov, tp, colour of 



l in Penultimates before Consonants. 



5 l/Jj :v, £C, t9, IK, tX, l/i, IK, 677, t,0, £C, £7, £G, (V 






IV 
IV 
IV 

tv 

IV 



£77 
£77 
£77 

£77 

£77 



long" a plant resembling" purple. — vcyhbevrac. Xic. 
Ther. S70. 
vptuvrj, the combat, battle. II. c. 462. e. 712. 
?iyoi 3 (Rule 6.) T corrupt, destroy. — odlvorrujv. 
Hes. Theog. 59. — f&ivovroQ. Hes. Epy. 796. — 
aTToodhet. Xic. Ther. S34. 

— $i\lvoc. Proper name. Epigr. 4. p. 185. 

— &h'€vc. Proper name. Orph. Argon. 673. 

— XaXhoc, a bridle, bit. — yaXJvav, Phocyl. 52. 

— \Xaolru). Proper name. Epigr. 24. p. 2S7. 

— wc'trac, pangs. II. X. 271. — wch'ujv, in pain, feeling 

pain. Od. £. 415. — wclvoveav. See among the 
antepenultimates. 

— ujKeavhac. Callim. in Dian. 

— £ttoc, a burthen. 

— i77ec, worms. Od. 9. 395. 

— cc(7kI-<jjv, ovgc. 6, 7 3 without a staff. Epigr. p. 8. — 

gkl-wv, a staff. 

— ypl-€ve f a fisher. Epigr. 10. p. 77. 
Evi-eve. Xame of a river. — ~Eilm]OQ. Xame. Od. X. 

237. — Evl-€vq. Xonn. Dionys. viii. 246. 
eylwrjv, reproach, blame. II. c. 402.— ei>l-aQ, threats. 

Od. e. 446. Homer always uses it long. — erl7ru>, 

I address roughly. See rivl-a-e. 
epi-w, I cast, throw. — e^epiTrr). II. 

— kvIttoc, thrifty, niggardly. Epigr. 

— 77ap0evo77£77a, Vocative, lover of women. II. X. 3S5. 



78 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



(3 l/3, LJ, tB, id, IK, l\, IfX, IV, 17T, lp } IQ, IT, l(p, l\. 



17T 
LIT 
ITT 



long: 



l(T 
LfT 
1(7 



1(7 

tar 

1(7 

icr 

1(7 

tar 
icr 

1(7 



1(7 
1(7 



Vnrriv. Name of a town. II. /}. 606. 

plni], a hurl, a blow. — pnrriQ. II. |. 414. 

p'iwlq, a fan. — p'twiSd. Nonn. Dionys. xii. 284. 



These words we shall divide into three classes. 

First Class. Substantives, Adjectives, and 
Names, which are long without derivation : 
laroQ, equal. II. a. 56. — teat, Iva in one line, Epigr. 

51. p. 279. — l(7Y}v. Quint. Calab. /3. 525. — Xgoq 

often occurs in the Epigrams. — 1(7ojq. 

low. Proper name. II. \. 101. 
vrjag e'ivag, equal ships. II. o. 306. 
1(7lq. Proper name. In the Epigrams. 

A yx i<Tr IG> frequently in Homer. — AyxitridSriQ. II, p, 

754 
AfKjnoroq. Proper name. 
~Bp~icrevQ. Proper name. 

Aaplva, also written Aapicraa. Proper name. 
fx~i(70Q, hatred. — jjuaeiv, to hate, Epigr. 1. p. 86. 
NIcoc. Proper name. 
TUva. Name of a town. Horn, in Pan, 2. — HlaiSeiov. 

Dionys. Per. 858. 
7rl(7og, a meadow. 
TeXplvoQ. Name of a town. 

Second Class. Substantives and Adjectives 
whose Genitive ends in Ivog, ISoq, and Woe : 
clktIgiv, to rays. Od. r. 441. 
dxficri, with joints or knots, II. e. 487. 



i in Penultimates before Consonants, 



79 



t/3, iy, tC, 10, IK, iX, tfl, IV, L7T, tp, IQ, IT, L(j) , 1%. 



long 



iff 
iff 

Iff 

icr 



iff 

iff 

iff 
in 
iff 
iff 
iff 
iff 
iff 
tr 
it 

IT 



eXfMffiv, Opp. Hal. y . 180. from eXpivG, ivBoc, also 

iXfxig, a worm, a lob-worm, maw-worm, 
epjiiffiv, with props. Od. 0. 278. 
xapiffiv see under Kap'Siov. Opp. Hal. a. 313. 
opv'ifft, to birds. II. tj. 59. See under opvlBi. 
7ro\vK\7Jiffi, many-banked {ships). II. j3. 74. 
prjy/u'iffi, to shores. Quint. Cal. y' . 511. and Opp. 

Kw. S'. 489. 
TpiyXwyltji. Opp. Hal. c'. 253. See under noXvyXco- 
\iva. 

Third Class. Verbs which end in Ito, l£to, and IB to : 
aoXXlffaq, Particip. Apoll. Argon. 1. 863. 
a7rojnrjr~iff€L. Od. tt. 378. — /Lirjv'ffij. Anthol. Bosch, 
Tom. 3. p. 418. 
— 1 cnrovvofftpiffe, he separated from. Nic. Alex. 574. 
ewpp'iffnQ. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 418. 
e7n.f3p~i.ff7), II. tj. 342. 

icXijiffai KXrj'ici, to lock with a key. Od. tp. 241. 
Koffiffrj. Od. k. 298. — KojMffb). Epigr. 2. p. 550. 
(j>B-ff€i. II. X . 61. II. £ 407. 
Xp'vov, anoint ; and xpitrev. II. 7r. 670, and 680. 
Irwy. Name of a town. 
olIttjq, of a mistress. Theocrit. Id. xii. 
aSt}piroy 9 incontrovertible. Orph. Argon. 844. 

aBejbUTov {yafxov) unlawful marriage. Epigr, 16. 
p. 140. 



80 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



t/3, iy, i£, tO, u;, t\, ifx, iv r nr, ip, ie 9 it, i<j), i\. 



1 

IT 


long 


IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 


— 


IT 





IT 





IT 


— 


IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 





IT 





LT 


— 



aicov'iTov, to, wolfs-bane, Orph. Argon. 920. — aKovi- 
toq, o, y, not dusty. Quint. Calab. S'. 322. 

a/crlra, Vocative, belonging to the shore. Epigr. 7. 
p. 84. 

AfKptrplTrj. Proper name. Od. e. 422. 

avaKTiTiv. Orph. X. yctXamr?7c. 4. Gesner reads 
ayaKTtjTrjv, the restorer. 

cnrpoariTOQ, inaccessible. 

cltitov, dishonoured. Phocyl. 124. 

A0po&->/, Venus, in Homer, Hesiod, and all Poets* 

Arjiomrqy. Proper name. II. X. 420. 

evo(TiTiv, met with on the road. Orph. Hymn. 71.2. 

€7riK€KXiTai. Orph. Argon. 1122; but immediately 

afterwards 1125, e7rtK€K\irai. 
epfiaypoZiTov, hermaphrodite. Epigr. 42. p. 449. 
etjTTep'iTai. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 434. 
QepffiTrjq. Proper name. II. /3. 212. 
QwrlTiQ, Name of a sea, through which flows the 

Tigris. Dionys. Per. 988. 
IdHTOQ, ov. II. p. 306. — tytroc, at the beginning of the 

line. Od. <j>. 22. and 14. 

Kapfirrjv, made of stalks. Epigr. 6. p. 104. 
KeKovlro, he was covered with dust. II. ^. 405. 
KeXatyiriy (irpojya), the Celaenean Hill, i.e. the town 

Celaena in Phrygia. Epig. 3. p. 304. 
icXirvy, a hill. Od. e. 470. from kXitvq. 



t in Penultimates before Consonants. SI 



\ 




</3, iy, t£, Ld, IK, t\, l/LL, LV, ITT, tp, LC, LT , Ltp , 1%. 




IT 


long 


kXItvc, hills, valleys. The Scholiast, tpapayyag. 11. 


* 






7t. 390. Dionys. Per. 954. 




LT 





6 k'p'iTTjc, the judge. Epigr. in the middle of page 








217. This is something unusual : in the same 
Epigram we find k-piTnc. For the general rule 


' 






says, that words in ltyjq and ltlq are long ; but 
that those are short which are derived from verbs 
whose perfects shorten the penultimate ; as from 








Kexpirai, atcpiTOV. II.77. 337. — hKaLOk'OLTrjQ. — cucpiTa. 
11. 1 205.— KfHToq. 11. v. 4S4. 




IT 





\ucvtrriv, from Aikv~lttjq 9 surname given to Bacchus, 
to whom the mystical fan is sacred. Orph. Hymn. 


• 






45. 1. 




LT 


— 


Xiti, from X?c, fine linen, 11. ip. 254. and 11. 0. 352. 


■ 






ecivw | \1tI ica\Xv\pai'. 
The Scholiast says, d7ra\c3 kcil XltS ificiTty. 


« 


LT 





Mroc, diminutive. Epigr. 4. p. 151. — \7r>/c. Epigr. 3. 
p. 505. — XItolo, small, little. Epigr. 5. p. 273. — 


ft 






Xitoq. Callim. — \7roc, one-coloured. Arat. Dios. 
824. With the old poets Xltoc, small, is short. — 
\ltcu, execrations. 11. l. 498. Orph. Argon. 110, 


* 


IT 


— 


Avw)7r7rac. Proper name. Theocrit. Idyl. vii. 




IT 





Me/nfir. Surname of Apollo. Orph. Hymn. 33. 2. 


* 


IT 





MeXIrr?. Name of an island. 




LT 





fjaKciplTTiQ and /LiaKctplTis, blessed. 


2 


IT 


— 


NapKLfrartTTiv, like Narcissus. Dion. Per. 1031. 




LT 





vrjiT-qv, belonging to a ship. Apoll. Argon, iv. 239 


.. 






G 



82 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



i 


ift, lj i lS y lO, IK, t\, LjA, IV, ITT, ip, IC, IT, 1(f), Ift 


IT 


long 


vrjXiTelg, Od. x> 418, and Od. tt. 317, translated by 
some faultless, and by others criminal women. 


IT 




vrjpiTai, from vrjp'iTtjg, 6, a sort of floating shell, concha 
nataiilis* Opp. Hal. a. 315. 


IT 


— 


o&xj/c, wanderer. 11. 7r. 263. Od. £. 204. 


IT 




dwX'iTrjg, a heavily -armed foot- soldier. 

Obs. The general rule is, that words in "ittj, ~iT)?g, 
and ~ltiq are long. The exceptions are specified 
under KpiTrjg. 


IT 


— 


'OpTraq, the Horitians, a people. Dionys. Per. 1096. 


IT 





ireTaXiTiv, from 7rera\7rte, a plant, containing many 
leaves. Nic. Ther. 864. 


IT 


— 


TroXiTtjQ, 7roXiTiQ, a citizen, a female citizen. 


IT 


— 


7roXvSrjp~iToq, quarrelsome, courageous. — woXvhiplToio. 
Opp. Hal. e'. 328. 


IT 


— 


(ratcLTav, for (T7]K~iTr]v, fed in the stable, young. Theocr. 
Id. i. 


I T 


— 


^avv'iTat. Name of a people. Dionys. Per. 375. 


IT 




gItoq, corn, and bread made of it. — oitov. 11. c. 216. 
oiTL^eTai. Theocrit. Id. iv. — <7VG(fiTog } a messmate. 
— GvadiToioL Theogn. 309. 


IT 


— 


^KvkaKiTiv, surname of Diana ; from aicvXcti;, a dog. 
Orph. — (TKvXaKiTi. Orph. Hymn. 35. 12. 


IT 




eloping, like a stack. — 2wp7rcc, i$og, surname given 
to Ceres, who provides stacks and sheaves. — 
liiopln. Orph. Hymn. 39. 5. 


IT 


— 


Titciv, the Sun. Orph. Argon. 510. 



i in Penultimates before Consonants. 



83 



lj3, ty, f£, id, ItC, l\, Ifl, IV, ITT, lp, IQ, IT, t(j), l\. 



long 



. 



if 



if 



+ 



L X 



TpLoSlrty, surname given to Hecate, who was wor- 
shipped on the cross-ways. Orph. Ev^iy. 45. 

Tplrojv. Proper name. Tplruva. Orph. Arg. 337. 

Xddg 6 | TvufilrriQ, the grave-stone. Epigr. 16. p. 360. 

ev (pd'iToic, among the dead. Orph. Argon. 15. 
This is rather unusual. 

(piXomra, friend of pilgrims. Vocative. Epigr. 4. at 
the top of page 563. 

XaXcjyirat, a people dwelling north of Babylon. 
Dionys. Per. 1015. 

l(pt, is long with its compounds. See before, among 
the antepenultimates before consonants. 

yp'ifyoq, a net, enigma. In the Epigrams. 

vl<p(o, snow. Verb, is doubtful. 

oTkjxov, a water-pike. 

Sep'ityoq. Proper name. 

trrtyog, a great crowd. Opp. Hal. /?'. 569. 

Tityoq, stagnant water, a marsh, pond. Apoll. Arg. 
i. 127. 

TlcpvQ. Name of the pilot of the ship Argo. Orph. 
Argon. 356. ApolL Argon, i. 381. 

*X W I°> § ore * H. e. 416. 

(pp~i%\ f° r ?pix a > fr° m 0P 4 £> tK °£> th e superficial agita- 
tion of water. II. </>. 126. 



g 2 



( S4 ) 



t IN PENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

VOWELS. 







ta, te, tet, t?;, to, tov, iv> tio. 



1 

t« 


long 


ta 


— 


ta 


— 


ta 


— 


ta 




ta 


— 


ta 


— 


ta 


— 


ta 


— 


ta 





ta 


— 


ta 


— 


ta 


— 



ta, darts. II. v. 68. 

7a, otte. Orph. Argon. 1137. (unusual.) 

rj'la, from tjiov,food. II. v. 103. Od. /3. 289. 

a^u 7a, t/, a sor£ of fish, Opp. Hal. a'. 112. 

ar7a, affliction, grief. — awat. Orph. Hymn. i. 11. 

The rule is, that substantives which end in a in 

the common dialect, but in rj in the Ionic, lengthen 

the t. — Hereto belong the following words : 
aepyia, inactivity. Bion. — aepyirjv. Opp. Hal. (3>. 

219. — aepylriq. Od. <o. 250. 
aiKta, an insult, either by words or blows, atKttiatv. 

Opp. Hal. 3\ 651. 
artfi'ta, dishonour, Tyrtaeus Analect. Brunck. i. p. 48. 

— artjjurjg. Opp. Hal. a. 279. 
Kovla, t), dust. — Except, Kovltjatv. Od. \. 329. — 

Kovir). Tyrtseus. Analecta veterum poet arum, ed. 

Brunck. i. p. 49. So also in Oppian. 

fja\7a, a nest. — KaXins. Orph. Argon. 437. 
KaTa\6<pd$ia, on the nape. Adverb. Od. k. 169. 
opjuua, also op jute ta, rj, a fishing-line of horse-hair. — 
6pfjL~ir}Gtv. Opp. Hal. ft'. 123. 

u 

Xiav, very. — Xirjy. II. a. 553. £. 100. — \ttjv. II. 0. 
288. t. 229. 



i in Penultimates before Vowels. 



85 



ta, te, let, irj, to, wv, iv, id). 



long- 



ta 
ta 



ta 

l€ 

tei 
tec 

l€L 

lei 

l€L 

tei 



in 



vvyla.) nightly. Orph. Hymn. 8. 6. 

inap, to, fatness. Analecta Brunck. 2. p. 147. — 

Wj fat. 
VLepaTiav, surname of Diana, in Orph. Ev^iy. 48. 
'Pocut. Proper name. Hesiod. Theog. 351. 

(T7repf.ua, seed, belonging to seed. Vocative. Orph, 
Hymn. 50. 14. — cry poena, from avfioviov, to, a herd 
of swine, a pig-stye. II. A. 678. 

(pXia, post, threshold. Theocrit. Idyl. ii. — (p\hf(rti/. 
Quint. Calab. ?. 333. 

dp'iai, lots; juotpai. Horn, in Merc. 552. ed. Herman. 

(nrepfile. Vocative. Orph. Hymn. 33. 3. Imme- 
diately afterwards, dporpie. 

lei, leiQ, le y are common. 

lei, he brings, from hjjjit. II. it. 152. 

aviei. II. o. 24. 

ecfiet. II. o. 444.— e^Ietc II. a. 51. 

fxtjy'iei, he rages. II. /3. 769. 

ixe&iei. II. o. 716. 

Many words in in have already been given among 

those in ta, and under uj in antepenultimates. 

Those which yet remain to be observed, are the 

following : 
ayplrjc, wild. Epigr. 7. p. 573. 
aypvnvirj, watchfulness, wakefulness. Opp, Kv v. y. 

511. 



86 



in Penultimates before Vowels. 



/3 


la, te, tei, it], to, tov, tv, uo. 


W 


long 


aKOfjLifrriT], carelessness. Od. <p. 284. 


IT] 


— 


avoXfiir], poverty. Hes. Eoy. 317. 


W 


~ — ■ 


Alrjyov. Name of a fountain. Anthol. Bosch, Tom. 3. 
p. 386. 


in 


— 


an kjtlt], faithlessness. Theogn. 829. 


^ 


— ' 


eorlr?, a hearth, an altar. Od. t 159. 


17] 


— 


YfLavrfiriQ. Proper name. Dionys. Per. 53. — Kaamoi, 
the Caspians. Ibid. 730. 


IT] 


— 


KpLCTLT]. Proper name. Hes. Theog. 359. 


trj 




Xoxtn, from Xox*a> one who presides over births ; also a 
woman in travail. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 440. 
and Opp. YLvv. y. 292. 


IT] 




\xofinq, of folly. Epigr. unicum. p. 233. 

Obs. That however the i is often shortened, is 
shewn by the following examples : c^tti??. Opp. 
Hal. 443. — v7rep(3a<jir]. Od. \. 64. — ra/Jih], fe- 
male steward. Od. y. 479. 


IT] 


— 


'YirepTjcnriv. Name of a town. — 'YTrepTjcnT]. 11. j3. 573. 


IT] 


— 


viro^e^LT], preparation for reception. 11. i. 73. 


IT] 


— 


<b&lr]. Proper name. 


to 




log, a dart. 11. X. 377. o. 451. 465. Od. f 423.— 
Also ~ia, for lot. — ~ioc, poison. 11. v. 68. — lov,to, the 
violet. — toelBed. 11. X. 298. 


w 


— 


(Siov, life. Orph. Hymn. 37. 16. (unusual.) 


LO 


— 


A^Ioq. Proper name, 11. /3. 830. 


to 


— 


She, dla, godlike, divine. 



i in Penultimates before Vowels. 



87 



ta, te, let, ir), to, iov, iv, to). 



long 



to 
to 
10 
w 

10 
10 

to 



w 

10 

to 
to 



evSloe, noonday. Adj. Od. S, 450. — So also, fre- 
quently, in Aratus. — ei'&oi. 11.725. — ev&oQ. Aral. 
Dios. 118. ed. Buhle. — evclov. Aral. Dios. 91. — 
evS'ioi. Orph. Hymn. 37. 24. — - vttTv c)i6q, serene, 
calm. Arat. Dios. 95. — evcidovrac. Ibid. 167. 

Evlov, Evium, Bacchus. Anacr. xviii. in Bmnck's 
edition, in Anal. Vet. Poet. 

eicvXiov, they turned round, or rolled. Theocrit. 
Idyl. 24. 



Qploc. Proper name. 
Nic. Alex. 55. 



■ 6 plop, a Jig- leaf. — Qp'aor, 



It^iovl, to Ixion. EpigT. 2. p. 236. 
KIoc. Proper name. 

Kploq, a ram. Arat. Phaen. 225. — Kploio. 
The neuters kuklov, rayfiov, see under twr. 
fxy]Tiov, they consulted. Orph. Arg. 1350. 
\xv~iov, moss, sea-weed. Nic. Alex. 396. 

vvcrlai, Orph. Hymn. 50. 14. of nymphs employed in 
the attendance of Bacchus. — ^vcrviov is a moun- 
tain belonging to Bacchus, according to Hesych. 

op/Mov, a herb. Orph. Argon. 915. (Perhaps the 

same as opfjuvov, clary.) 
Ovp'iov, Urius. Name of a king. Hes. Scut. 186. 
7ro\vl(7T~iov, stony. Callim. Hymn, etc Aia. 
<&dloc, a Phthian. 
X7oc, a Chian. Epigr. 8. p. 495. In many parts of 

the Epigr. we find Xioc. The island Xioc. Dion. 

Per. 535. 



83 



t in Penultimates before Vowels. 



fi 


la, te, let, it], to, lov, lv, to). 


IOV 


long 


ave\p~iov 9 of a cousin. 11. o. 554. 


iOV 


— 


A(TK\ri7riov. Proper name. 11. /3. 731. £. 194. 


IOV 


— 


Yopylov, of Gorgias. Epigr. 44. p. 399. 


IOV 


— 


AIov, of Dins. 11. /3. 538. 


IOV 


— 


lXiov, of Ilium. 11. o. 66. <p. 104. 


IOV 


— 


fxe\av&lov, from /xeXavOiov, to, a sort of herb, perhaps 
pepperwort. Nic. Alex. 43. 


IOV 


— 


ojbLo'iov, like, resembling. 11. v. 353. 635. o. 670. o\ 242. 


IOV 


— 


wavaypiove, quite wild. Phocyl. 191. also written 
TravaypetovQ. 


IV 


— — 


<vy£, the wry -neck, with Oppian ; magic charm, 
magic wheel, in Theocrit. Idyl. ii. 


10) 


— - 


These words should be divided into different classes, 
in order to facilitate the review of them. 
First Class. Proper names. 


LO) 


— 


lo). Proper name, in Moschus. 


IOj 


— 


A/Li<pio)v. 11. v. 692. 


LO) 


— 


Arjiiov, in a Fragment edited by Heinsius, p. 183. 


LO) 


— 


Ifiuv. Name of an artist. Epigr. 7. p. 420. 


LO) 


— 


Kpov~io)r, KpovioyoQ. 11. £. 247. 


LO) 


— 


Kv\\o7ro<ho)v. 11. o*. 371. 


10) 


— 


O(flo)r. Apoll. Argon, i. 503. 


10) 


— 


UavSlwy. 11. At. 372. 


10) 




'YirepMv, the Sun. 11. r. 398. Also the name of a 
hero. Hes. Theog. 134. — 'Yrreplova and 'Ynep'iovoQ, 
Ibid. 374. 


10) 


— 


'tlpluv, Orion. — 'Clp~io)v. Hes, Eoy. 607. 



t in Penultimates before Vowels. 



89 



/S 


ia y ie, tei, it], 10, iov, iv, no. 






Second Class. Substantives. 


110 


long 


Srjibjv, of enemies. 11. /?. 544. 


no 


— 


7roijiv~uov, of flocks. Epigr. 4. p. 574. 


no 


— 


irpliov, a saw. — -Kplova. Epigr. 4. p. 580. 


HO 


~ 


kIiov, a column. — Kiova. Od. 6. 66. 

Third Class. Comparatives in nov. 


ioj 




fiekriiovy better. It is not, however, all, but only a 
considerable number of Comparatives, that are so 
used. Many shorten the i ; as, yXwutp, rayXiov, 

tfCCKeW. 

Obs. Neuters in ov shorten the i ; as, fieXrioy, 
iffiov. — Kaiciov, however, is found in Theogn. 1176. 
Theocrit. — Ta\iov also occurs in the Epigrams, 
and also in Nonn. Dionys. x. 418. — ra^iova. 

Fourth Class. Verbs in no. 


lit) 


—— 


/jieO'ao, I neglect, the same as fxedtrjiui. — /nedtey, they 
ceased, laid by, &c. Od. (p. 377. 


lit) 


— 


o'iio, I think. 11. a. 59. 170. — d'ao. 11. a. 558. 


10) 




wplio, I saw, saw in pieces. — efiirpiei, in Oppian. — 
KciTcnrpliov, dividing, cleaving. Theocrit. Idyl. x. — 
€/bi7rp~aov, prickly. Nic. Ther. 71. 


tiO 


— 


(j>6~ao, I corrupt, destroy, consume. (See, under 00t- 
(ottjq, among the antepenultimates.) 


HO 




Xptw, I" anoint. 

Obs. Many verbs in no are doubtful ; as, r'ao, tt'oo. 



i y» ) 



; IN ULTIMATES. 



t, iv. iq. 



long 



IV 
IV 



IV 

tv 

IV 



The letters £F, ttI, are long. 

Monosyllabic words, icpi, barley. II. e. 196. 

Pronouns and Adverbs with the iota paragogico, as 
ovroar'i, vvv'i. The preposition evt, for ev, is short. 

Attic words in i, formed from a, e, or o ; as, rctvn, for 
rai/ra ; ocl, for o£e ; toirri, for tovto. 

avidpwl. II. o.228. Here it is uncertain whether 
the last syllable be long by Caesura, or in itself. 

eypwyop-l, watchful. II. r. 182. (It is a query whe- 
ther this is long by Caesura or by nature.) 

Gen, Thetis! II. c.385. In the Dative, II. <r.407. 

kvticttI, from kvocttic, scraping-knife. 

fxnrl, with wisdom. II. ^. 315, 316, 318. So also 
Quint. Calab. e'. 245. — -oXv^rl. Epigr. 19. p. 533. 

A7T~Lv y from Attic, Proper name. Epigr. 13. p. 175. 

ay/iiy, to ms. Od. v. 174. — ij/Luy. Quint. Calab. 258 
and 266. — vjiftiv. II. £. 249. — When ?//xt>, u^utr 
take the circumflex, they are always long. 

vwlv, to us. Od. 6. 211. 

fjvlv, from v^tc, one-year old. II. ic. 292. 

sraXcr, again. II. ic. 281. (Query, by Caesura or 
by nature ?) — TraXr^. II. k. 356. 

7ro\lv y the town. Apparently long by Caesura. II. p. 
329 : for in other passages we find woXiv. I1./3.367. 



I IN UlTI MATES. 



Ions; 



IQ 



IQ 



IQ 






vpiv, before. II. £; 81. IL p. 5. II. (p. 179. — irpiv. 
II. 4'. 125. II. 0. 476.— II. i. 403, we finder long 
and short in the same line. 

(jcfiv, to them. Dionys. Per. 2002. As far as I 
remember, g$iv is always long in Homer. 

I. Words which end both in iv and lq in the Nomi- 
native : 

aicric and aKTiv, a beam, or ray. — leXylq, or SeXt/nv, 
a dolphin. — EeXcplrog. II. (p. 22. — dig and dlv, 
shore. — Olva. II. «. 34. — Ale. and Xlv, a lion. — p~iq 
and pn>, the nose. 

II. Monosyllabic words are long : 

Ktq, a wood-worm. XIq, lroc 9 ji?ie linen. 7c, force. 

III. Compound words, accented in the penultimate, 
which are of a different gender from their primi- 
tives : 

From 77 ciktic, 6 ^pvcciKrlg. 

From 7} kXijiq, 6 ttoXvkXtiic, €vk\)iiq, fast-locked. 
II. w.318. 

From rj wtifii), 6 evKvri^iic. 

Obs. Dissyllabic words in cc, which are declined 
with c, as jSaXjJie, ovppay tc, afcptc, dxlig, are, 
according to some, long, and with others short. 

IV. Long, moreover, are : fikiaffvpiamg, terrific in 

look. II. X. 36. 
?/Vle. Accus. Plur. one-year old. II. £. 94, 
Ktoro-Tjlc, daughter of Cisseus. 11. & 299. (Perhaps 

long by Caesura.) 



92 



l IN ULTIMA.TES. 



a 


l y LP, iq. 


tQ 


long 


opvlg, a bird. Horn, in Pan. 17. 


IQ 


— 


ocrrlg, whosoever. 11. t. 392. — ovrle, no one. 11. k. 129. 
11. \x. 334. This is rare, as tlq is short. 


IQ 


■ 


tofts and cocir, pangs of childbirth, birth. Epigr. 17. 
p. 140. 



v IN ANTEPENULTIMATES ■ 

BEFORE 

CONSONANTS. 



VQ 



VC 



Vr 



According to rule, antepenultimates in vc are 

long. The following examples, however, will 

shew that the Poets have allowed themselves 

many deviations from it. For instance, Sva-r^eoQ. 

II. X. 524. — SvvuJi'VfjLos. II. [x, 116. — haTrpvator. 

II. v. 149. Horn, in Vener. 19. and 80. — Qveat'oc, 

?), a tassel. 
avcravTLov, crying out. Gen. Plur. It j3. 334. 
cvGorrai. II. rj. 298. — cvaofievov. Od. a. 24. — Kara- 

Zvveo. II. er. 134. 
eipvcraad at, to preserve, to guard. II. a. 216. — etpv- 

aovTai. II. o*. 276. — Short, however, are eipvaa-o. 

EI. £ 186. — epvvavro. II. o. 506. — epvcraiaro. II. 

e. 298. — epveatfjieOa. II. £. 79. — pyrrafiev, II. o. 29. 
emcrKvaaiTo. he would beco?ne angry. Od. ?; f 306. 



v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



93 



a, ay, ap, ag. 



vg 

vg 

VQ 
VQ 



VC 
VQ 
VQ 
VQ 

VQ 

VQ 
VQ 

VQ 



eprjrvcreie, whether he held back. II. a. 192. 

rjfivaete, it might fall, incline. II. /3. 373. 

QaXvoriacrjv, son of Thalysius. II. S. 458. 

\vgcut€. II. a. 20. — aireXvae. II. a. 95. A great 
number of words, compounded with Xvw andXvortg 
lengthen the v ; as, Avaravdpoc, XvaiTrovog, Xvffi/Lie- 
Xtjq, Xvaif-iepijLtvoe, Xvcn^voc. In others it is 
short. — Short are rjXvviog, njXvaioQ. 

fjiripvcraordai, to wrap up, interweave. Hes. Epy. 536. 

7r€7ri>v(Tai, thou art wise, sapis. II. w. 377. 

Tionrvvaavrc from Tronryvit), I serve. IL 6. 219. 

ravvaeiej', whether he stretched out. Od. cr. 91.— 
eKTavvffciQ. II. X. 843. 

Tapyvcrovai, they will bury. II. 7r. 456. — Tapxyvuxnv. 

II. 77. 85. 
rr)v(Tir)p, vain, empty. Od. y. 316. 

(pVCFCLk), I bl0W. (pvaiOWVTUQ. II. £. 227. <pVffl%OQQ, 

nourishing, enlivening. II. ^.63. 
XpvveoQ, golden, is long. The examples to the 
contrary are removed, if we consider that the e is 
contracted with the following syllables into one, 
and that the v therefore remains long. As to its 
compounds, we find instances of their being 
doubtful: thus Xpvvdup, the son of Medusa. 
Immediately afterwards, however, Xpvtrdwp. 



94 v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



(3 



V/3, Vy, 1>C>, vd 7 VK, vX, V/Ll, VV, V7T, Vp, VT, V(p, V%. 



vy 
vy 



vy 
vy 
vy 
vy 

vy 
vS 



vB 

vZ 

vZ 

v$ 

vd 

vd 



long 



I know of no words of this kind. 

Tvyatoc. Proper name. — Tvydo. Nic. Ther. 633. 

dvya-epa, a daughter. II. f. 192. — dvyarepec. II. w. 

604. — dvyarpa. II. a. 13. 95. The Nominative is 

short. 
Acuar-pvyoviriv. Proper name. Od. r. S2. 
Xvyau]v, shady, dark, Apoll. Argon, iv. 459. 
/LLvyaXer], the shrew-mouse. 

7rvyi%(*), I strike on the posteriors. — yvvrj rvyooroXoc, 
a woman who adorns the hinder parts. Hes. Eoy. 37 1 . 
(ppvyovroc. drying, scorching. Theocrit. Idyl. ix. 
vcaroQ, of water. II. d. 369. 
tcvSaivw, I glorify. kvCcuvuv. Hes. Epy. 3S. — icv- 

SaLve. 11. o. 612. 
kvc toco, I rejoice. — kvClowp. Hes. Scut. 27. So also 

in Homer. 

KvSaXiuoq, glorious. — KvcaXi/dov. Hes. Scut. 74. — 
itvcifioQ. Homer, in Mercur. 46. — Kvhcrre. II. a. 
122. — eypeKvcoLuor, exciting tumult. — kvcol/jo)', 
II. e. 593. — Kvcwvec Proper name. Od. r. 176. 

fj.v~Sa.Xeoc, moist. — /xvcaXeaq. II. X. 54. — uvcaXeor, 
Hes. Epy. 554. 

Tvcetci]Q, the son of Tydeus. Quint. Calab. a'. 260. 

€pvdtou),I blush. — epvdiocoacw (-apeujr), the blushing 
cheek. Musaeus, Hero et Leand. 161. 

f.Lvdov/biai, I speak, recount, with all its compounds; 
7rapafJv6oviJiai, 77apa^v0ior, &c. 



v in Antepenulttmates before Consonants. 95 



ft 



VjD, vy, vc, vd y vk, v\, v/j, vv, vtt, vp, VT, v(pi v\. 



v6 



long 



vQ 

vd 

VK 
VK 
VK 



VK 
VK 



VK 



VK 



VK 



VK 



RvdwQ f Pythian. — Uvdtac. Name of a courtezan. 

Epigr. 12. p. 582. 
Trvdercu, it rots, perishes. Od. a. 161. — 7:vQ6fih'ow, 

Quint. Calab. 6'. 333. 

-vdeciov, rottenness. 

UvdayopaQ. Proper name, in most Poets. 

AjivKoqbyovy the murderer of Amy cos. Opp. Kvy. 

a'. 362. 
ppvKavaarai, he roars from agony. See above, 

under the Verbs, the Present in drat. 
epvKciKew, I draw back, restrain. — epvKeaQai, to be 

restrained, remain behind. Od. p. 17. — epvKavew, 

the same as epuKco and epvKaKeu. — epvKave, Od. k\ 

429. — KarepvKave. II. w. 218. 
Krjpvicecrai, to heralds. II. \p. 39. 
fivtcaofiai, I bellow. Nic.Ther. 432. Also inMoschus. 

fjL€/HVKOTCL. EpigT. 11. p. 105 JUVKnd (.iOQ , aild 

f^vKrjfxa, bellowing. Apol. Arg\ i. 1269. 
MvKtjvatuv. Proper name. Anthol. Bosch, Tom. 3. 

p. 308. 
IIvkIovlkti. Proper name. Hes. Fragm. ed. Heinsii. 

p. 177. 
7re(pvKevai, to have become. Musaeus, Hero et Lean- 

der. 64. 
trvKitpfJLevtar, from gvkl'Cw, I feed withjigs, and ctvkio- 

devra. Epigr. 2. p. 201. 



96 v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



)3 v/3, vy, vS, v0 9 vk, vX, vjjl, vv, i/7r, vp, vr, v<j>, v-%. 



long 



vX — 



vX 



(tvkivoq, belonging to a Jig-tree. — crvKivoi avSpeq. weak 
men. Theocrit. Idyl. x. 

<pvKi\ (j)vKta t >/, also (j)vkiov, ro s the same as (pvKOQ, to, 
sea-weed. Orph. X'. KovpaXiov. 10. — tyvKioevri, from 
(f>vKio€iQ,full of sea weed. II. \p. 693. 

vXaioq, woody. — vXrjecro-a, woody. Od. i. 24. — vXr]- 
Koirat, inhabitants of the woods. Hesiod. Epy. 527. 
— yXoropeTv, to cleave wood. Hes. Epy. 420. — 
vXotojjlov, a wood-cutter. Hes. Epy. 805. — vXnwpriQ, 
forest- keeper. — vXnwpeaQ evvaq, tents for the pur- 
pose of guarding forests. Nic. Ther. 55. 

vXctKOfjiiopoi, barking (dogs). Od. ir. 4. But vXuov, 
they barked, Od. re. 5. and vXdovaiv, Od. tt. 9. 

arvXojToc, not indurated. Callim. in Dian. 

dvXaKOQ, a sack, a leathern bag. — OvXaKiq, and QvXa- 
Koetg, with Nicander. 

KoyxyXwv, the muscle. 

fjLvXiocorr€Q 3 gnashing the teeth. Hes. Epy. 528. 

(TKvXevw, (TKvXaio, I strip off the skin or dress. — £ep- 
jxaToq eaicvXevcav. Nic. Ther. 379. — anoGicvXaio 
he Xaxyqvy take off the hair. Nic. Ther. 690. — 
(TKvXaio, Kctpr}, shear the head. Nic. Alex. 410. 

(TvXau), crvXevu), I deprive. — avXacrKe. Hes. Scut. 480. 

vtyovlvXeiov, Nic. Ther. 948. Nicander often shortens 
vtyovSvXoQ, the vertebrce. — ortyoi'SvXiitiv (fiveXoq), 
marrow of the cervical vertebrce. II. v. 483. 

QiXevq. Proper name. II. /3. 628.—$v\'/oc. Quint. 



v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



97 



fi 


vj3, Vy, vS, vd, VK, v\ f Vfl, VV, VIZ, Vp, VC, VT, V(p, V%. 






Calab. a. 276. — $vXr)a. 11. \l. 637. — fyuXaKlEdd. 






Proper name. 11. v. 698. 11. /3. 705. — KarafyvXaSov, 






in tribes. 11. j3. 668. — efKpvXior, native. Apoll. 






Argon. i.—UctfityvXiEoQ airjg, of the Pamphylian 






land. Dionys. Per. 46. 


vX 


long 


<pvXo7rtg 9 battle. 11. >'.789. S. 82. £ 1. 


Vfl 


— 


vfieeg, for vfielg ; vfiaov, for vficov ; vfieag, vfierepog. 


Vfl 




cifivfiova (tcovprjv), blameless (virgi?i). Od. n. 303.— 
ajuLv/iovag. 11. a. 423. — afivfim'tir. Epigr. 127. 
p. 600, 


Vfl 


— 


airoXvfiavTtjpa, a destroyer. Od. p. 220. 


vfi 


— 


aprvfidai, with spices. Batrach. 41. 


Vfl 


— 


yeyavvfievog, tranquillized. Anacreon. viii. 


Vfl 


— 


hvfievat, to go under. 11. £. 411. — KctTaSvjuevai. 11. 
y. 241. 


Vfl 


— 


eyKv /no vi, pregnant. Dative. Phocyl. 174. — ey/cu- 
fxovog. Tryphiod. 195. — eyk'vfiova. Nic. Ther. 89. 


Vfl 


— 


eCXvfievoi, covered. 11. <t. 522. 


Vfl 


— 


eipvfievai, hauled (the ships were). 11. v. 682. 


Vfl 


— 


eXvfiari, a shaft. Dative. Hes. Epy. 428. 


Vfl 


— 


EpvfiaioKTLv, to Erymcean. Epigr. 24. p. 141. 


Vfl 


— 


£v/Lt<oiua, leaven, barm. Nic. Alex. 521. 


Vfl 


— 


Ovfiaivui, I grow angry. — OvfiuSng, a?igry. — dv/inptjg, 
gratifying to the heart. 


Vfl 


— 


Svfieofiai, I grow angry. — evdvfieofiat, I take to 






heart.— evOv/urjfia, consideration, reflection. 
H 



98 v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



vji, vy, vS, vd, vk, vX, vfx, vv, V7r, vp, vg, vt, v(j), v%. 



VfJL 
VfJL 

VfJL 

VfX 

VfJL 

Vfl 

VfX 

VfX 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 

VV 
VV 



long 



Kvfiaida. Name of a cow or calf, in Theoc Idyl. iv. 
kv/hcilvw, I swell with waves. — ttovtov KvfxaivovroQ, of 

the swelling sea. Hes. Epy. 388. 
KvfxoSoKrf. Proper name. II. <r. 39. — KvfxoOorj. Proper 

name. II. a. 41. Quint. Calab. e'. 345. 
Xvjuaivu), I destroy. II. a. 313, 314. 
7T€7rvv fxevog, sensible, wise. II. y. 203. 
1iViiY)Qev, coming from Syma. II. /3. 671. 
rerpvfxeva yvia, weary limbs. Epigr. 78. p. 455. 
wKVfiwpwv, of swift (darts). Od. x- 75. 
dSpvvrjrai, comes to maturity. Nic. Ther. 377. 
aivyyvefizv, to disgrace. II. £. 209. 
aXeyvvere, take care of Od. 0. 38. 
afxaXSvvrjrai, is levelled with the earth. II. rj. 463. 
airafivvafTQat, to avert. II. to. 369. 

cnro(t>ai()pvvavT€Q, cheering. Quint. Calab. e'. 616. 

ayyvzTovy wide-spreading. Nic. Alex. 174. 

BiOvvia. Name of a country. 

yoprvviSa, a nymph. Accusative. Callim. in Dian. 

Sa(TvvofJL€vnv, roughened. Epigr. 5. p. 575. 

SrjOvvovT, tarrying. Dative. II. a. 27. 

Svvdfievoi, able. Od. \. 413. — Svvdfxevoto. Horn. 
Epigr. xvi. eipearuovn. 1. But Svvarai, ibid, verse 2. 

eicapTvvavTO, they strengthened. II. X. 215. it. 563. 

evTVvdvav iavrrjv, having adorned herself Participle. 
II. 1. 162. from evrvrui, to prepare, arrange, adorn. 



v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



99 



/3 v/3, vy, ud, vO, vk, vXyVjJi, vv, wtt, vp, vq, vt, v0, v%. 



long 



— evTvrafievrj. Od. fi. 18. — evrvvevde. Callim. in 

Apoll. — evTvverai. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 424. 
Obs. From the foregoing examples, the Rule is 

made clear, that Verbs in vvia lengthen the v. 
rjprvvero, he prepared. II. ft. 55. it. 302. 
OrjXvverai, he becomes effeminate. Epigr. 56. p. 589. 
Qvvrj'iSi. Name of an island. Accusative. Orph. 

Arg. 712.~Qvvrj'i$oQ. Apoll Arg. ii. 350. 
XewpvpovTai, they have an ash-colour, from Xe-rrpyvco, 

I roughen, make scaly. Nic. Ther. 156. Passive, 

to becopie scaly or scurfy. 
XeTTTvverai, he grows thin. Nic. Ther. 262. 
MoavvvoiKoi. Name of a people. Apoll. Arg. ii. 379. 
Zvrjjia, ra, common goods. 
Many words compounded with aw or Zvv ; as, £,v v- 

trjjui, j^vi'iov, ^vvoit). 

orpvveei, he urges, awakens, Opp. Hal. y. 349, is to 
be considered as an exception, as orpvvu) is long. 

lx)TpvV€(JKOV. II. (i). 24. 

7raxvi'€Tai 9 is thickened. Dionys. Per. 35. — Huxvvoq 
is the name of a mountain, ibid. 469. 

irXvveo, moisten, Nic. Alex. 95.; from TrXvvw,Iwet, 

moisten, wash. 
Tropavv(i)fJievy let us present. Apoll, Arg. ii. 1052. 
(TtcvvioHTiv, from gkvviov, an eye-lash. Nic. Ther. 177. 

Tp^yyverai, becomes rough. Nic. Alex. 281. 
h 2 



100 v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



vp, iry, i>r, u0, vk, v\, vjjl, vv, viz. vp > vq, vt , vo, v\. 



VK 

V7T 

V7T 

V7T 

vp 

vp 
vp 



long* (jiopvvero, was dirtied, soiled. Od. x- 21 . 

vTTQLToio, of the highest. Epigr. 7. p. 60. This is 
unusual, both with regard to the first and the 
second syllable. 

— j avaKv auxrac, from drawn olo, to lay on the back, to 

turn round. Xic. Ther. 705. 

— j yvweaaiv, to vultures. II. X. 162. 
\v7rew, I burthen, afflict. — XvTreouca. Frequently 

thus in the Epigrams. 
Tpv7ravG)< with a gimlet. Od. i. 385. 
rpv7raci), I bore through. — rpihrav. Epigr. 93. p. 457. 
f Yoh]. Proper name Fragm. Hes. ed. Heinsii, p. 177. 

— 'Ypirj. Ibid. p. 182. 
aGvpojULcv?], playing, joking. Horn, in Mere. 485. 
dXifivpe'i. Tryphiod. 667. — dXi^vpeoc, Apoll. Arg. i. 

913. from dXtfj-vpyje, washed by the sea. — dXifivptj- 

ev-a, flowing into the sea. Od. e. 460. — dXifivprj- 

ev-iov. II. f. 190. 
yvpow, I revolve in a circle. Aral. Phaen. — Tvpatrjy 

irerprji', the Gyrcean rock. Od. S. 507. 
e-t/bLvperaL, he wails, laments. Apoll. Arg. i. 938. 
evpeirdo, of the well-flowing &c. Opp. Kvv. c\ 112. 
evplvezcri, flne-smelling. Opp. Kvr. h'. 357. 
eCivpddnr, was kneaded. Epigr. 39. p. 449. 
Kcvvpofjiai, I bewail, lament. Epigr. 65. p. 591.— 

tavvpeTai. Quint. Calab. cT. 260. So also Coluthus 

and others. — Kirvpofuej'OLO. Nonn. Dionys. xii. 124. 



v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



101 



fi 


V P> v 7» V$9 vO, VK, v\, V/U, VV, V7T, vp , VQ, VT , V(j), V\. 


vp 


long 


Kvperai, is, will be. 11. w. 530. 


vp 


— 


KvpioQ, Lord. 


vp 




Kvpr]prj, Cyrene. Callim. — Kvprjvi]. Epigr. 15. p,396. 
— Kvprivaiov. Epigr. 23. p. 287. — KvpTvog. Proper 
name. 


vp 




\€7rvpioi>, from Xewvpov, husk. Diminutive. Theoc. 
Idyl. v. 


vp 


— 


liop/jLvpovra, murmuring. 11. e. 599. 


vp 


— 


/jtvpaiva, conger-eel. 


vp 


— 


fjivpia, ra, innumerable. 11. jo. 272. 


vp 


— 


fxvpi^eiv, to anoint. Anacr. iv. But ibid, /Livpitjov. 


vp 


— — 


luvp'iKrjan, from ixvp'iKT], a tamarisk. Quint. Calab. e'. 
434. — /uvpiKaq. Horn, in Mer. 81. 


vp 


— 


pvpofievoLGiv, to those crying, lamenting. 11. p. 438. 


vp 


— 


olvpovrai, they lament. 11. f3. 290. — olvpoiievn. 11. 

i. 587. 


vp 


~™ " 


o\o(pvpofjied\ we mourn for, lament. 11. 6. 33. — 
oXocpvpofjieyoQ. 11. e. 871. 


vp 


— — 


7rXrjijL/.ivpe(ij, also 7r\7]juvp€(o, I flow over. Epigr. — 
TrXv/bifJ-vpta, flood. 


vp 


— 


Hvpavov. Proper name. 11. X. 491. 


vp 




TrlpLTtiQ, o, (XlSoq) a flint. Hereto belong many 
words compounded with irvp ; Trvpctjuoq, Trvpafxtq, 
TrvpaiyjAwe, wvpocpopoLO. 11. fx. 314. — 7rvpi(poiTOVQ. 
Orph. Hymn. Ei^*?. 53. 

Obs. Other words are short ; as 7rvpa, 7rvpaypa. 
Doubtful are Trvpavyqg, 7rvpt]vt), nvpoeiq. — nvpijia, 
hearth. Horn, in Merc; iii. 



102 v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 






v/3, vy, vc), vd 9 vk 9 v\, v\x, vp, vw, vp, vq, vt } vcf), v%. 


vp 


long 


7rvpr)(popop, bearing corn. Horn, in Apoll. 228. — 
TTvpofiopca. Quint, ft'. 197. — 7rvpdjiivu)v, from 7rvpa- 
fxivoc, belonging to corn. Fragm. Hes. ed. Heinsii, 
Lugduni Batav. p. 177. 


vp 


— 


avperat, is dragged. Opp. Hal. a 7 . 558. 


vp 




avpiyyoQ, of a case, sheath. Jl. r. 387. — vvpiKTci, 
from arvpiyt;, properly signifying a shepherd's pipe, 
flute-player. Vocative. Orph. Hymn. 7. 11. 


vp 




(Tvpi£(A), I pipe. — jidk-p tnrovvpi&v, long whistling, 
piping. Horn, in Mercur. 280. 


vp 


— 


ar<pvpaiva, a sea-fish. 


VT 


— 


aSaKpvTOQ, tearless. 11. a. 415. 


VT 


— 


a\vT07T€SaiQ 9 with indissoluble bands. Epigr. 5. p. 22. 


VT 


— 


auTreXotyvTopi, cultivator of the vine. Epigr. 3. p. 550. 


VT 


— 


ATpvrwvric;. Proper name. Coluth. 192. 


VT 


— 


avreo), I cry, resound. Callim. 


VT 


— 


Svtikolq, western. Nonn. Dionys. xii. 1. 


VT 


— 


OvTwptov, of the sacrifice. Arat. Phaen. 692. — 6vt>)- 
piov. Ibid. 710. 


VT 


— 


KojkvtiM vv}A(pr)v, the Cocytian Nymph. Opp. HaL 

y. 487. 


VT 


— 


pvrXhaq, from pvTic, wrinkle, fold* Epigr. 9. p. 186. 


VT 


— 


tyvTctkfxiQQ, nourishing. — (pvTaXinc, from tyvTakia, 
vineyard, orchard. 11. v. 185. 


VT 




(pvrrjrraro, she brought forth. Hes. Theog. 986. — 
(pvrevffai, to produce, 11. o, 134. Od. 8. 668. 



v in Antepenultimates before Consonants. 



103 



/3 v/3 t Vy, vE, vd, VK, v\, V/i, VV, V7T, Vp, VQ, VT, V(j>) vy. 



vcf) long" 



V(j) 



VCp 



V(j) 



v x 
v x 

V X 



V X 
V X 

V X 



etXvtyaZw, I glisten. — eiXvtyafe. Hes. Scut. 275. 

elvyaivu), I complete the web. — e^vcpriva. Batrach. 
181. 

K€Kpv(pd\6v, Nic. Ther. 560. from neKpvtyaXoq, 6, a 
knit sort of net, in which women conceal their head 
and hair : the second stomach of ruminating 
animals : with many other significations. 

Tvtyopat, I glimmer, burn. — vweTvtyeTo. Quint. Calab. 
e'. 643. — Also in Apollonius. — rvtynpea, from 
rv(pr}pt]Q, smoking, burning. Epigr. 3. p. 559. 

ava^v^ovTa, cooling, refreshing. II. e. 795. 

/3pvX aya(i) > fipvxavaojAcu, I bellow, howl. 

jjpvXV/^^^ bellowing. Opp. Kvp. a. 303. — virepfipv- 
X«Vo, (the earth) roared. Tryphiod. 307. — vwojopv- 
Xirjv, the sunken (ship). Horn, etg AtoaKovpovc. 
xxxiii. 12. 

7r ep ig jjlv\ov(ti, (cares) consume me. Epigr. 76. p. 593. 

rpvxaXeaLc (/3aro*c)> in scratching (thorns), Epigr. 
76. p. 593. 

Tpv~xof.i£rov, ivom out, exhausted. Opp. Hal. ft'. 140. 



( 104 ) 
v IN ANTEPENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

VOWELS. 



va, ve } vr), vo, vov, vw. 



va 
va 
va 
va 



long vdXdetdeiQ, like glass. Orph. X'. Troira^oq. 1. — 
vdXoeecra, glassy. Epigr. 207. p. 609. 

laivv&TO) they would eat* Od. <r. 247. 

eipvdrat, are drawn. II. £. 75. 

evvdXioq, warlike. II. p. 211. c309, the warlike Mars. 

QvdSd (Texvyv), Bacchanalian (?nystery.) Epigr. 61. 
p. 522. 

Kvdveov, dark-blue, azure. II. tt. 66. So also Ara- 
tus. — KvavoxaL-tje, dark-ma7ied } KvdvoyxiiTr}v. 
Hesiod. Scut. 120.— Orpheus adopts another quan- 
tity. KvdvoTplydq i7nrovc. Orph. Argon. 1192. — 
Kvdvoirpup'oid. Ibid. 1201. — KvavavyeiQ. Orph. 
Hymn. 23.8. Quint, c'. Calab. 115. KvaroKpijEe/uyoc 
— KvdpocTToXe. Bion. Epitaph. Adon. — Kvdvocppv. 
Theocrit. Idyl. iii. 

Obs. We again see from hence, that the determi- 
nation of the quantity depends upon whether 
the doubtful vowel be followed by two short 
syllables, or by a long and a short one. 

7r\aTva(rdw, to speak broadly, coarsely. Theocrit. 
for 7r\a7va£(o. 



veroc, rain. — vermo. Arat. Diosem. 99.— veroev-a, 
rainy. Epigr. 12. p. 78. — Jeriwo. Floril. Bosch. 
Vol. ii. 196.— verioc, Nonn. Dionys. viii. 136. 



v in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



105 



va, ve, vrj, vo, vov, vio. 



long 



ve 
ve 



ve 
ve 



ve 

ve 



ve 
ve 



ve 
ve 



VT) 

vrj 
vrj 



aWvecTicop, I loosed. Od. r. 150. (Compare aXXv- 

ovaav.) 
avafiXveaKe, sprung forth (water). Apoll.Arg.iii.273. 

apalverai, rises on high ; also, recedes, denies. Opp. 
Hal. y. 549. — apacvofievar. Epigr. 22. p. 446. 

araXveraL. Dionys. Per. 446. 

ydpverai, Doricb for yrjpverai, speaks, sounds, 

Theocr. Id. viii. 
epvero, he protected. (See also under pvoiro.) 

KopOverai, is heaped. Nic. Ther. 426. — Kopdverat. 
II. i. 7. 

KojXvero jj.r)7T}p, the mother prevented. Phocyl. 196. 

juveXog, marrow. II. v. 4-82.—jliv€Xoio. Nic. Ther. 

101. 
fjLvecrvi, to mice. Batrach. (Except in this instance, 

it is short in the Batrach.) 
jxapverai, Dorice for /Lirjpverai, unfolds itself 

Theocrit. i. 29. — iirjpvovro. Apoll. Arg. iv. 889. 

TrveXoq, washing-tub, a trough. — irveXbv. Od. r. 553. 

7rverlrjv, from nveria, rj, rennet, coagulated ?nilk, 
from the bellies of sucking and ruminating ani- 
mals. Nic. Alex. 323. 

aKTvrjrrjpL, kingly; the Scholiast, fiaviXiKu II. o>. 
347. — AKTvrjrdo. Proper name. II. /3. 793. 

avvrj-ijaev, she cried out. Coluth. 83. 
6vt]<rei, if she rages. Nic, Ther. 129. 



106 v in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 



|8 


va, ve, vrf, vo, vov, voj. 


VT) 


long 


tyvvr^mv, from tyvva, Ionice tyvvrj, the knee-pan. 
Theocrit. Id. xxv. 


vr) 


— 


(Dpvwrat, howls. A rat. Dios. 392. 


VI 


— 


Mtvviov. Name. Apoll. Argon, iv. 117. 


vo 


— 


vbiilvoQ, moid. Od. £. 131. 


vo 




avakvofxevoq, loosening. Nic. Alex. 464. — \vovto. 
Orph. Argon. 528. 


vo 


— 


SvofxevoiQ, setting. Floril. Bosch. Vol, ii. p. 192. — 
Svo/mevoto. Arat. Diosem, 108. 


vo 


— 


Ovovtoc, rushing. Dion. Per. 677. Another reading 
has dvvovreq. 


vo 


— 


juvodoKOQ, taking, receiving mice. 


vo 


— 


fjLvovreQ, closing up. Tryphiod. 15. 


vo 


— 


pvoiro, that he may protect. 11. fx. 8. — pvourde. 11. 
p. 224.— pvovrai. Opp. Hal. a. 748. 


vo 


— 


(bvofxevw, commencement. Theogon. 1130. — irpoa- 
cpvovrai. Nic. Alex. 506. — TrpoGtyverai. Ibid. 582. 


vo 


— 


upvovrai, they roar. Orph. X'. Hsematit. 18. 106. 
— wpvovro. Coluth. 114. 


vov 




aidvovaa. Orph. Argon. 899. — According to Ges- 
ner's edition, it signifies the same as aidu<j(rov<Ta, 
casting, throwing. 


vov 


— 


aWvovvav, loosening. Od. ft. 109. Od. w. 144. 


vov 


— 


'Svovatv, from idviv, I storm, rush, &c. Opp. Hal. 

ft'. 131. 


vov 


— 


KWKvovaai, lamenting. Quint. Cal. y . 683. 


vov 


— 


H^vvovaa, demonstrating. Epigr, 16. p. 110. 



v in Antepenultimates before Vowels. 107 



va y ve, vrj, vo, vov, vio. 



vov 
vov 



lorn 



fjLvovpog, running to a 'point. Nic. Ther. 287. 
Tctpxvovvtv. Apoll. Argon, iii. 208. (See also under 

rapxyo'ovffi.) 
fivwSeiQ, from /AvuSrjQ, eoQ, 6 and //, like mice ; also 

full of muscles. Opp. Kw; a'. 188. 
Hvwttoq, from fjivwxp, near-sighted ; (2.) horse-fly, 

gadfly ; (3.) spur ; (4.) the little finger. Nic. 

Ther. 417. 



v IN PENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

CONSONANTS, 



ve. 



vc 

VQ 
VQ 
VQ 

VQ 
VQ 
VQ 

VQ 
VQ 



avcrae, crying out, shouting. II. B. 508. — avo-ev, he 

shouted. II. y. 81. — ??vo-e, 7ie shouted. II. \. 10. 
a-rreSvcre, he pulled off (his arms), II. £. 532. 
Awvvctoq and Atw^vcroc, Bacchus. Hesiod. Scut, 400. 

€kv(T€, he kissed. Quint. Calab. i/3\ 287. Homer 
always shortens this word ; and when he wishes 
to use it long, doubles the cr. — .we. II. f . 474. 

elvcre, from Zvw, I polish, do neat work. II. & 179. 

eprjrvo-cHTKe, he held back. II. (J. 189. 

epveracrdat, to draw close. II. o\ 174.— eppvaavro. 
II. S. 506.— e&pvae. II. p>. &32. — epverev. II. ^. 598. 

nfJLvae, inclined. 1-1. r. 405. 

JOvrrav, they rushed. II. £. 507. 



108 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



vg. 



KafiflvvriQ. Proper name. 

KMKvaev, he complained, lamented, II. a. 37. 

\vcrio, from Xvio, I loosen. II. a. 29. — \vaav. II. a. 
305. /3. 117, 118. 

Nvcrn- Proper name. Horn. Hymn, in Bacchum. 
ed. Schrevel. p. 53. verse 5. has Nvfrcrrjg. — vvtrog, 
in the Syrian language, lame. Nonn. Dion. ix. 22. 

veKvcriv, to the dead. Od. x- 401. 

oXXvo-cu, to destroy. II. 0. 449. 

piiyvvcri, breaks. Quint. Calab. i/. 226. 

jowrat, preserve. II. w. 430. 

pvcrai, wrinkled. II. *. 449. 

^vfftyyafloe. Name of the king of the frogs. Ba- 
trach. 17. 

tivaewg, of nature. Orph. Hymn. 24. 2. — But Ibid, 
verse 6. (pvcrig. 

Xpvvoq, gold. — See xpvoeoc, among the Antepenulti- 
mates. — xP^ ff ^ Qt Gen. Fern. II. y. 74. 

Obs. I. The general Rule is, that in penulti- 
mates, also, v is long before cr; but the given 
examples shew that the Poets often deviated from 
this rule, and shortened syllables of this sort ; as, 
rarvcre. II. ?r. 567. 

Obs. II. An exception is formed by words 
ending in varie; as, ^uctc, nature. <pi>(TLV 9 Batraeh. 
32. — %v<nQ<> pouring out. — Xvgiq, solution. — avvvicy 
completion. II, /3. 347. 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



109 



vy, vc), vd, m, vX, vjjl, vy, V7r 9 vp, 1/7", V(p, v%. 



/3 



u(i, 



v(3 

vy 



long 



vy 
vy 
vy 

vy 



vy 

vy 
vy 

vy 
vy 
vy 
vy 
vy 
vS 
vd 
vS 



vfioq, crooked, hunch-backed. 

cifiapvyr), jlame ; a/uapvyai. Horn, in Merc. 45. — 
The similar word, judpjjidpvyrj, is however short. 
— fiapfjiapvyav, beaming light Od. 0. 265. ApolL 
Arg. iii. 377. 

avr\pvyev. Nonn. Dionys. viii. 45. 

cnre<pvyor, they fled. Batrach. 42. 

Bpvyot, the Brygi. Apoil. Arg. iv. 471. 

Tvyrjg. Proper name. — Tvyeu appears to have the 
first syllable short. Anth. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 426. 
It may however be long, since we can scan yeio 
as one syllable. 

'ivyrj, shout, clamour. Opp. Hal. a. 565. (See also 

among the Antepenultimates.) 
irJTrvyojy, of the Tpygians. Ibid. 482. 

KOKtcvyaq, Nic. Ther. 854. from kokkv$, 6, the cuckoo ; 
(2.) a sea-Jish ; (3.) an early Jig. 

ActHTrpvyiov. Name. — Aaicrrpvydviriv. Od. k. 82. 

oXoXvyrj, a bellowing. — oXoXvycov. Theocr. Idyl. vii. 

irvyr}, the posteriors. (Compare 7rvyi£a).) 

rpvyiov, turtle-dove. Theocrit. Idyl. vii. 

TETpvyei, it sounded hollow. Tryphiod. 309. 

Ajovhoq. Name of a town. AfivSodi. II. e. 584. 

(iorpvcov, in clusters. II. /3. 89. 

icvdoQ, glory. Hes. Epy. 511. So also Homer. — 
epiKvSrjg, much honoured. epiKvSeoQ. Hes. Theog. 
988. So also in Homer. 



110 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



j3 v/3, vy y vS, v6, vie, v\, vfji, vv, vw, vp, vr, V(p, v%. 



long 



vB 



ActKvSrj. Name. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 376. 

AvSoq, a Lydian. Epigr. 32. p. 368. 

TvSevg. Proper name. Very often in Homer, 

vdoop, water, II. 2. 453. — vBwp. II. i, 171. 

®ep€Kvc)T]Q. Proper name. 

upvSov, roaring, Nic. Alex. 222. 

fivQoc, the deep, the sea, 

eprjrvdev, for epjirvdrjeav, they were restrained. II. /3. 
99. and 211. 

Zvdoq, beer, 

kXvOi, hear, Theogn. 4. 

KiojLLvda, Scholiast, kw/jivq, bunch, bundle, Theocrit. 
Idyl. iv. 

fivOoc, speech, fJivdor. II. a. 388. 552. Od. r. 96. 
268. 

Uvdoj. Both the Name and the Verb. — IlvQol evi 
7r€rpr}€f7(77] 9 in the rocky Pytho, II. i. 405. — 
Iva | /urj TTv\0rj Slog | dp/jpog, that Jupiter's rain 
may not rot (the ship), Hes. Epy, 624. from 7rvdoj, 
J rot. — TrvQerai, decays, Hes. Scut. 153. — The 
Future and Aorist of irvvdavonai, I scrutinize, ex- 
perience, is, on the contrary, always short ; as, 
TTvOoia-o, if they experienced, II. a. 257; wvOrjcrde, 
Od. 6. 12 ; 7rv0orro, they experienced, II. k. 207. 
r, 337. 

XvGeic, poured out. Epigr. 21. p. 482. 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. Ill 



ji v(5, vy, vc), v6, vk, v\, v/u, vv, V7r, vp, vr 9 vcp, v%. 



long 



/jojufivKa. Theocrit. Idyl, x.—ftoju/3v^, vkoq, silk-worm. 
— ytoviofiof.ifivKeQ, that hum in corners. Antholog. 
Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 364. 

j3pvM, I bite, devour. — fipvicoc, a crier. Nicand.— 
Befipvicwv, of the Bebrycians. Apoll. Argon, ii. 2. 
But ibid. 98, (3el3pvK€Q. 

SeSvKev, he pressed in. II. l. 239. e. 811. 

SoiSvki, from SoiSvt;, tj, a pestle. Nic. Alex. 545. 

epvKoj, I hinder, keep away. — KarepvKe. II. 0.412. — 
epvKaKev. II. o. 450. (See also under epvicaKew, 
among the antepenultimates.) 

KaXvtcuv, from kclXvJ;, a husk, calyx, blossom, bud. 
Epigr. 16. p. 286. 

KrjpvKe, two heralds. II. a. 321. (See the antepen- 
ultimates.) 

Kn'vKct. Name of a king. Hes. Scut. 351. 

KcjpvKoc. Name of a town. Dion. Per. 855. 

judical, from iivkyi, roaring. Apoll. Arg. iv. 1285. — 
fjiejiivKwc, bellowing. II. o*. 580. 0. 237. — epijuvKtov, 
of loud-lowing (cows), II. v. 497. — V7re fj, vr\ fivice, 
II. x* 491, is separately translated by the Scho- 
liast, he looks down, bends, remembers. 

7T€(pvK€L, was produced, was grown, II. <j). 352. 

(TVKtj, for (TvKen, */> a fig- tree. — vvKov,fig. Epigr. 5. 
p. 168. — (jvkov. Nonn. Dionys. xii. 236, 237. 

cpvKoq, to, sea-weed. II. i. 7. — (pvxovQ. Epigr. 138. 
p. 602. — (pvKic, a fish, fond of being in sea-weed. 



112 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



/3 


vj3, vy, vc, v6, i//v*, vX, vj.1, vy, vrr, vp, vt, vty, v%. 


v\ 


long 


vXr), a forest 11. e. 52. v. 18. — vXrjy. 11. y. 151. — 
vXqv, wood. 11. [i. 148. 


vX 


— 


'YXtf. Proper name. 11. /3. 500. — 'YXrf. Proper 
name. 11. e. 708. 77. 221. 


vX 


— 


avXoc, without substance. Epigr. 9. p. 262. 


vX 


— 


ctfJvXov, an asylum. 


vX 

i 
i 


— 


A^yXov. Proper name. II. £. 12. — a£t/\w, in the 
woody {forest). 11. X. 155. 


vX 


— 


KevcvXd, an instrument used by ship -builders. Epigr. 
4. p. 194. 


vX 




MuXevc, surname of Jupiter, from his presiding over 
mills. — fxvXrj, however, a mill, shortens the first 
syllable. /uvXnc. Od. n. 104. 


vX 




(tkvXov, to, the stripped hide. The rule is, that dis- 
syllabic substantives in vXov lengthen the v, with 
the exception of ZvXov. 


vX 




trrvXog, a column. — cmjtvXoq without columns; and 
(TTvXwcraLTO, would support with pillars. Epigr. 15. 
p. 268. 


vX 


— 


-vXn, an under bed. Epigr. 9. p. 213. 


vX 


— ■ 


QvXae. Proper name. 11. tt. 192. 


vX 


— 


QvXevc. Proper name. — <£u\??oc, of Phylens. Theoc. 
— tovXtjiog, Phyleian. Quint. Calab. i. 138. 


vX 


— 


(pvXrj, tribe, division of a people. 


vX 




(pvXov, to, race, nation. lies. Epy. 197 — (j)vXa, 
nations. Ibid. 90. So also in many passages of 
Homer. — e/j,(pvXoy, native. Od. 0. 273. — efxcpvXoi. 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



113 



V l 3 y v y> V ^s vO, VK, V\, VjJL, VV, VTT, Vp, VT , V(f), V\. 



v\ 

VLt 

Vil 

VfX 
VfX 

VfX 

VfX 
UfX 

VfX 



long 



VfX 



VfX 



Theocr.—£vju(j)v~\a. Epigr. 9. 93. — Epi(pv\t). Pro- 
per name. — UajKpvXcjv. Name. Quint. Cal. tS\ 
369.— Ua/u^vX^og. Dionys. Per. 639. 

X^Xoc, juice, moisture. 

vfxrj, yours. II. v. 815. — vlmiv. II. e. 489. — vfxelg, 
ye. Hes. Theog. 963. — ipgv. II. a. 18. 260. — 
Od. S. 94, we find vfxfiiv. — v/uag, you. viitav. 

aLivfiiov, blameless. II. a. 92. See also among the 
Antepenultimates. 

Av/xrjp. Proper name. Homer, in Apoll. 426. 

SpvfxovQ, from Spvjxog, 6, a forest. Orph. Hymn. 35. 
10. So also in the Epigrams.— Spvfx a, from dpv- 
fxov, to, a wood. Nic. Ther. 222. 

eiXvfxa, covering. Od. £• 179. 

Qv/Lia, incense, sacrifice. Epigr. 3. p. 437. 

Qvlkdv, from dvfxog, 6, and dvfxov, to, thyme. Epigr. 
7. p. 119. 

Ovfiog, 6, mind, soul, wrath, II. a. 173. 468. 602. 
together with its compounds ; as, 7rpodvfxog, will- 
ing ; padv/xog, slothful. Except Qvjxov. Orph. 
Hymn. 18. 18. In general, however, Orpheus 
uses this syllable long. 

Idpvfxai, from idpvfxi, I place, set. Epigr. 5. p. 76. — 
So also in the 3d person, ISpvTai. Epigr. 39. 
p. 431. — etndpvTcu. Theocrit. Idyl. xvii. 

Kv/xa, wave, billow. — kvlxcitci. II. v. 27. w 8. ft. 
144. 

I 



114 v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



vfi, vy, vS, vd 9 vk, vX, vfi, VVj v~, vp, vr, vcf), v%. 



v/x 



v/bt Hong Kvfi?]v. Name of a town in /Eolia. Accus. Hes. 

Epy. 634. 
vfx — ' Kpvfxoe,6, cold, frost ; in the Epigr. and in Dionys. Per. 

vja _ Xv^irj, y, insult, destruction, injury. — Xv/Jia, ~o,filthi- 
nesSy Xvfiara. — Orph. X'. KovpaXtov. 81. — Xvfj.ar\ 
II. a. 314. 
vfx riovvfjLoq, unknown. — vupv/jovc. II. ji. 70. Other 

editions read riorvfxvovc. — €7roJyvfuu]v. Dionys. 
Per. 543. 
vfj. | — pvjuoc, a shaft. II. e. 729. 

vfi | — 2v/ut]c. Name. Genitive. Orph. Argon. 746. 
v/u — Iirpvfdioi'. Name of a river. 

Xv noe, fluidity. 

I. Names, Substantives, and Adjectives ; 
vmc, 6 ; or, as some say, v, a plough-share. Apoll. 
Arg. iii. 232. 

ctvevdvvoq, innocent ; who has not to undergo any 
examination. 

— I BlOvvoq, BidvpLQ. Proper name. Apoll. Arg. ii. 4. 

— fiwrj, the sea ; with many other significations. 
Yop-vva. Name of an island. Dionys. Per. 88. II. j3. 

64e6.—Fop~VV€C. 

ypvvoe, in Hesych. synonymous with ypv^, a griffin. 
—Tpvveioq. Name. — Tpvyevq. Name. Tpvrea. 
Epigr. 19. p,336. 

— &eX<j>v~Pi}v. Apoll. Arg. ii. 70S. SeXyvvrj, Name of 
the dragon killed by Apollo, 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



113 



/S 


Vf3, Vy, VC), vd, VK, v\, VjLt, VV, VTT, vp, Uf, V(j) 3 v%. 


vv 


long* 


SiKTvva, a huntress. Orph. Hymn. 35. 3. 


vv 


— 


dvvog, war, assault, course. Hesych. 


vv 




KLvdvvovg, dangers. Orph. Hymn. 37. 5. Epigr. 3. 
p. 99. Anthol. Bosch, p. 282. — klvcvvoq, Theog. 
557. Batrach. 9. 


vv 


— 


Kopvvnv, r), club, mace, knobby sprout of plants, 
but especially the bud of a flower. Nic. Alex. 409. 


vv 


— 


Kvvov. 11. /3. 531. Kvvoq was a town in Locris. 


vv 


— 


XayvvoQy a flask. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. p. 362. 


vv 


— 


MapiavSvvwv. Name of a people. Apoll. Arg\ ii. 351 . 


vv 




Mocravvag. Name of a town. Dion. Per. 766. 
ol Mo(T\crvvd(; e\yovcn. The Mossynians were a 
Scythian people. 


vv 


— 


/nvvrj, rj y excuse, pretext. — \xvvr\ai. Od. y. 


vv 


— 


Rule. Dissyllables in wn lengthen the v, except yvvi). 


vv 




%vvoq, %vvct, ra, common. Nonn. Dionys. viii. 273. 
with similar words in compounds ; as, eiri^vvw. 
11. n» 422. — €7ri^vvwcrairo. Apoll. Argon, iv. 436. 


vv 


— 


opKvvot. Opp. Hal. y. 132. — opKvvoq, a sort of large 
sea-fish, species of tunny. 


vv 





Rule. Substantives and Proper Names in woq 
lengthen the v ; except wXvvog, a washing-place. 


vv 





Gtyvvnv, v, javelin, dart. Opp. Kt/v. a. 152. — 
Styvvoi. Name of a people. Apoll. Arg. iv. 320. 


vv 


— 


ropvvav, if, a ladle. Epigr. 2. p. 570. 


vv 

1 




tvvy). Dorice for <jv. 

i 2 



116 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



i 


V A v 7> y 3? v ®> VK 9 v ^> v \ x -> VJ/ > V7r , Vp } VT y V(p, V\. 


vv 


long 


(frupKvvoQ, of Phorcyn. Od. a. 72. Od. v. 96. — In 
Od. v. 345. QopKvvoQ is so situated, that we may 
understand by it the name of the harbour; in 
which case it would be the nominative. 


vv 


— 


$>pvvrjsj y. Proper name. Epigr. 51. p. 451. — 
(ppvvrje, rj, a toad. Nic. Alex. 588. 


vv 


— 


cppvvoio, from typwoq, 0, a toad. Nic. Alex. 580. ed. 
Schneider. 


vv 


— 


II. Verbs in vva), with their different tenses : 


vv 




aiayyvet, he insults, injures, disfigures. Tyrtaeus in 
Brunck. Analect. i. p. 48. — n^yyve. 11. <t. 24. — 
rjiGyvvac. 11. \p. 571. 


vv 


— 


aXeyvve. Homer, in Mercur. 473. 


vv 


— 


ajjLadvvei, he destroys, reduces to dust. 11. *. 589. 
Quint, Cal. r/'. 19. 


vv 


— 


a^uaX^urac, destroying. 11. /lc. 32. 


vv 


— 


afjivvio, I keep off, avert. — a/j,vvai, to ward off. 11. ju. 
334. — ec ctfjiwav, for defence. Phocyl. 29. 


vv 


— 


a7raji(i\vvei, he is made dull. Opp. Hal. £'. 524. 


vv 


— 


awo^vvai, to polish. Od. t. 236. 


vv 




aprvvd), I assemble, arrange, administer, aprvvavreq. 
11. jjl. 43. — Homerxxvii. etc Apre/utv, v.l6.maybe 
scanned either apTvve\ov(rdv, or else dp7v\veov(rav. 


vv 


— 


fiapvve, it loaded, weighed down. 11. e. 664. 


vv 


— 


Srjdvvev, he tarried. 11. £. 503. 


vv 


— 


Svvu), I press in. — Svvov. 11. \. 268. 






v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



117 



fi 



v/3, vy, vc, vd, vk, v\, vju, vv, vw, vp, vr, v(p, v\. 



long 



vv 
vv 



vv 
vv 

vv 
vv 
vv 
vv 
vv 
vv 

vv 

vv 



evrvvov, prepare. II. i. 203. Moschus in Europa. 

— evTvv&ffav. II. £. 162. — evrvvov. Apoll. Arg. 

iv. 1130. — This quantity is unusual. In Od. £. 

33, evTvveat appears to be short: we may how- 
ever scan evrvvedt ; as eaaecu, at the end of the 

line, must be a spondee. 
evdvvu), I make straight, direct straight, 
^vvaq, didst cheer, make pleasant. Anthol. Bosch. 

Tom. 3. p. 410. 
dapcrvve, he did encourage, inspire with courage. II. 

k. 190.— dapvvvov. II. w. 242. 
dvvovraq, from Ovvw, I hasten, run. Opp. Hal. y . 259. 
Kaprvvit), I strengthen. — Kaprvvag. Opp. Hal. /3'. 

464. — Kparvvei, he rules. Orph. Hymn. 2. 
fiioXvvw, I weaken. 

opodvve, he excited, roused. II. v. 351. 
orpvvwv, wakening, encouraging. Od. /3. 224. 
7ra\vvio, I strew. — -e7ra\vve. II. k. 7. 
Trrjxvvev, she placed it on the arm. Nonn.Dionys.ix. 96. 
tt\vvw, I wash, rinse. Theocrit. xxvii. — 7r\uyar, they 

have washed. Od. f . 93. — airoTrXuveaKe. Od. 4.95. 
7rpt]vvu) } I calm, tranquillize. — wprivvet. Hes. Theog. 

254. 
(paiSpvvb), I brighten. — (pcuSpvvaaa. Callim. Hymn, 

eiq Aia. 
yvweq, from yv\(j, 6, a vulture. Nic. Ther. 406. 
ypviroq, crooked, one who has a crooked nose, 



118 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 







v/3, vy, vd, vd, vk, v\, vjix, vv, vtt, vp, vr, vcj>, v^ 



lorn 



vp 
vp 
vp 

vp 

vp 

vp 
vp 
vp 



vp 



\v7rtj, sadness, — Xv-irijc. Orph. Hymn. 72. 6. — r\v V 
ert | \v7rfJQ, if thou troublest more. Hes. Epy. 399. 
—Xvirov, be afflicted, hurt thyself. Theogn. 593. — 
aXvnov > free from pain. Epigr. 9. p. 43. — (j>i\a- 
Xvirov, that which loves exemption from grief. 
Orph. Hymn. 49. 7. 

tclvvwovq, o$oq, one who stretches out his feet. — ravv- 
noda firjXa. Od. «. 464. — Tavvirob\ Homer, in 
Apoll.304. in Merc. 232. 

ayicvpa, a hook, an anchor, in several Poets. 

advpiov, sporting. Horn, eiq irava. 15. 

aXifxvpeQ. Orph. Argon. 460. (See also among the 
Antepenultimates.) 

ye(f)vpa, a bridge, in Homer. — yetyvpuaei', he dammed 
up. II. o. 357. — ye(j)vpap. Anthol. Bosch. Tom. 3. 
p. 394. in Mantissa 3. (Unusual.) 

yvpoq, round.— yvpa. Epigr. 5. p. 104. (See also 
among the Antepenultimates.) 

BepfiLcrKvpi]. Name. Orph. Argon. 737. 

IXkvpoq, an Illyrian. — lXXvpoicri. Epigr. 4. p. 266. 

itr^vpoQf strong. According to the rule, that poly- 
syllabic* oxy tones in vpoc lengthen the penultimate 
syllable, with the exception of dXfj.vpog and eni- 
(T(j)vpioQ, II. y. 331. together with many other words. 

KepKvpa, KopKvpa. Name of an island. Orph. Arg. 

* In the original it is dissyllabic : it must however mean 
polx/'sytikbic. 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



119 



fi 



v/3, vy, vS, v0, vk, v\, vjx, vv, vtt, vp, vr, vcj>, v^ 



vp 



long 



vp 



vp 
vp 
vp 
vp 

vp 
vp 
vp 
vp 
vp 



vp 

vp 

vp 

vp 



Kivvpa, ?/, a certain ten-stringed instrument. — KXvvprjg. 

Name of an old fisherman. Epigr. 5. p. 544.— 

Kirvprj, bewailing, plaintive. Nonn. Dionys. xi. 

p. 484. 
icvpe, he was. The Scholiast, nyytfev, emTvyavw. 

II. \p. 821. — Kv|077e, Tr)Q. Name of a city. Callim. 

Hymn, in Apoll.— Kvptjffaq, coming upon (incidens), 

from Kvpeio. Hes. Epy. 753. 

XaQvpa, booty, in the Epigrams. 

\e.7rvpov, to, shell. Batrach. 

MoXvpor. Name. Fragm. Hes. ed. Heins. p. 179. 

/biopfxvpwv, murmuring. II. er. 403. — /uopfjivpov, a sea- 

fish. Epigr. 7. p. 84. 
Mvpw. Name of a poetess. Epigr. 7. p. 127. 
NiarvpoQ. Name of an island and town. 
Zvpov, of a razor. Epigr. 4. p. 30. 
oiXvpoq, miserable. II. a. 417. 
oXvpa, pulse (the fruit). — oXvpaq, tclq. II. e. 196. 

The Scholiast thereupon, clSoq KpidwSovQ Kapnov, 

nat {lev flucta /ecu fiuaov % riot $e, feia Kai £ea. 

—II. d. 560. 
ovoyvpoQ, a rank shrub bearing pods. Nic. Ther.7L 

— efXTTpV^VT ovo\yvpov. 
nairvpoq, papyrus. Anacr. iv. 
TrXrjfjijuvpiQ, the roaring of the sea. — 7r\>; \i\xvpov, from 

7r\j] fifjivpu), Apoll. Arg. iv. 706. 
wiTvpa, small, from niTvpov, to. Theocrit. Idyl. ii. 



120 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



fi 


vft, vy, vS, vd, vk, ifX, vju, vv, vtt, vp, vr, v<^>, vy^. 


vp 


long 


TToXvirvpov, rich in corn. Genitive. 11. X. 755. 


vp 




7rop(pvpe, from Troptyvpw, I consider fearfully. 11. 0. 
551. The Scholiast thereon, e/jLepi/uva k<xi ci- 
evoeiro. Often occurs in Homer. 


vp 


— 


7rvpoc. See the Antepenultimates. 


vp 


— 


I^Kvpog, an island. — ^Kvpov. Tryphiod. 49. — 2tcvpoio. 
Epigr. 2. p. 49. 


vp 


— 


tTvpiyl;, a pipe. Nonn. Dionys. x. 390 ; and so fre- 
quently in Nomius. See the Antepenultimates. 


vp 




cHpvpa, hammer ; ecpvpar. Hes. Epy. 423. But crcpv- 
pov, ancle, foot, is short. — evcr<f>vpoQ, having beau- 
tiful feet. Epigr. 128. p. 601. — €7ri(T(f>vptoQ. 11. 
y. 331. 


vp 


— 


Tvpu). Proper name. Od. X. 234. 


vp 


— 


(pikoirvpe, lover of corn. Epigr. p. 549. 


vp 




Rule. Verbs in vpw and vpojuai lengthen the v ; as, 
fivpofiai. — f-ivpov, they were wet. Hes. Scut. 132. — 
(Tvpct) — Kvpu) — Kvpofiai — (pvpaj. We may remark 
here the following observation of Hephaestion : ret 
cia tov vpu) pjj/uara j3apvvojj,eva /uep €kt€lv€lv to v 
7T€pL(77Tio ( u€va ce (rvcrreWetv as, Kvpu), KvpQ ; (pvpio, 

(j)VpW ; TTVpit), TTVpUJ. 


VT 


— 


ctSaKpvroq, tearless. 11. a. 415. w. 61. — 7ro\vcctk'pv7oe, 
with many tears. 11. w. 620. 


VT 


— 


akiTpvTOQ, cast about by the sea. Epigr. 19. p. 337. 
— dXiTpvroLO. Theocrit. Idyl. i. 


VT 


— 


ctjivvro, he recovered his breath. 11. X. 359. 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 



121 



v/3, vy, vS, vd, v/c, vX, v\x, vy, vtt, vp, vr, v(p, v^ 



long 



VT 

VT 



VT 
VT 



avriPv-oLQ, to unaccomplished, incomplete. Tryphiod. 

291. 
ctTpvTog, unconquered. — arpvrw. Orph. Arg. 183. — 

aTpvTov. Quint. Calab. £'• 586. — aTpvTOiviv. Mos- 

chus, Megar. 
avTrjq, of the tumult of war. II. $. 331. 
BrjpvTog. Name of a town; in the Epigr. andDionys. 

Per. 
[jovXvtoc, evening. — fiovXvTovde. II. w. 779. Od. i. 58. 
ywpvTOQ, a quiver. Quint. Calab. y'. 35. 
SaivvTO, he ate. II. w. 665. 

£ovpiK\vTOQ, renowned for the spear. — covpikXvtov. 
Od.p.ll6.—7r€piK\vTov f of the renowned. Od.w.75. 

Zvtio, let him enter. II. £, 377.— cSvttiv. II. f. 19. 

cIXvto, was folded up, covered. II. ar. 640. — elXvro, 

turns. Orph. X'. v7ro#. 44. from e\vw or e\vw. 
elpvTo, protected. II. tt. 542. — ejovro, stfrec?. II. S. 

138. e. 23. v. 555. — ipvr, she was restrained. 

Hes. Theog. 304. 
kXvte, hears, e/c twv gvXmvoq eXeyeiwv. 2. p. 468. 

ed. Stephan. of the minor Heroic Poets. — kXvtov, 

renowned. Musaeus Hero, 186. 
kmkvtu, lamentation, yell. Ablative. II. \- 409. — 

kojkvtov. Orph. Hymn. 70. 2. 
XeXvTO, teas loosed. Od. v. 237. 
XvTwp, deliverer. 



122 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 







v(Z, vy, vS 9 vd, vk, v\, vfi, vv, vrr, vp, vt, v(j>, v%. 



VT 



long 



VT 
VT 
VT 
VT 

VT 
VT 



VT 
V(f) 
V(p 

V(j) 
V(j> 

vcp 

V X 



HavvTctQ) for fii]pvn]Q y informer. Epigr. 9. p. 51. — 
/urjvvTTjp — fxrjvvTwp. Orph. — fxrjvvrat, informers. 
Epigr. 51. p. 291. 

/jLCjXvTtjg, dull, weak. Epigr. 1. p. 183. 

veo<pvTov, newly planted, newly sprung. Coluth. 583. 

TUdvTTjp. Proper name. II. £. 30. 

7rpecr(ivTriQ, an old man. — Trpea^vTig, an old woman. 
Theocrit. Idyl. xv. 

pvrrj, rue. Nicand. 

pvTTjp, a drawer (of the bow); pvrrjpa. Od. <p. 173. — 
pvrijpaq. Od. or. 261. — pvTrjpari. II. 7r. 475. — pvrwp, 
in the Epigr. has also the same signification as 
pvTtjp, (I.) a drawer; (2.) a protector, defender. 

pvTov, to, a rein. — pvra, reins. Hes. Scut. 308. 

Ke\v(j>oq y to, a small old boat. Epigr. 3. p. 108. 

Kv(j>oc, crooked. Opp. Hal. /3'. 152. Od. (3. 16. — 
Kvcjwv. Name of a place. II. /3. 748. 

Kv<bu)v, crooked wood, a bent yoke. — kv(j>u>v eXicovGiv 
apoTpov. Theogn. 

(rrvtyoe, rj, ov, of astringent taste.— arvtih), I draw 
together. Nicand. 

Tvfog, o, steam, smoke, pride, fancy, in the Epigrams. 
(See the Antepenultimates.) 

Verbs in vyu lengthen the v : 

ppvyj^y to gjiash the teeth with rage, (see the Ante- 
penultimates). — ppvxi>'h roaring, howling. Apoll. 
Argon, ii. 83. — epifipvx^Q, loud-roaring. — epifipv- 



v in Penultimates before Consonants. 123 



/5 v/3, vy, vS, vd 9 vk, v\ y v\i, vv, V7r, vp, vr, v(j>, v\. 



V X 



V X 



v x 



long 



Xoio. Quint. Cal. y'. 171. Exceptions are found 
in efipvxe* Epigr. 20. p. 62. — avafiefipvyev . II. 
p. 54. — virofipvxa, one under water. Accusative. 
Od. e. 319. and Aratus. — v7roj3pvxioQ, Apoll. Arg. 
ii. 1219. 

Tpv\oQ 9 to, a worn garment. — rpvx w ? I wear out — 
rpvxoprai. Brunck. Analect. Tom. 1. p. 61. (See 
also the Antepenultimates.) — KaTarpvyeiv. Mu- 
sseus 87. 

tfuxw, i" breathe, get cool, — \pvxv, the soul; ^vx ac i 
souls, Hes. Scut. 173.— aafi^vxov, ro y a fragrant 
plant. 

Hereto belong, also, words derived from and com- 
pounded with opvatjb) or opvrrii); as, Toix<*>pvx°G> 
rvjufiojpvxoG, 



v IN PENULTIMATES 

BEFORE 

VOWELS. 



va, ve, vet, vrj, vo, vot, vov, vw. 



long 



6 vac, Bacchante, — QvaSa, Epigr. 6. p. 413. (See 

the Antepenultimates.) 
avae, sows. Accusative. Od. a. 104. 



Verbs in the Present and Perfect in ve and vet : 
ve, rained. Quint. Cal. tc. 637 — vet, rains. Hes. 
Epy. 550. — vm\ raining. Theogn. 26. 



124 



v in Penultimates before Vowels. 



fi 


va, ve, vet, vrj, vo, vot, vov, vw. 


ve 


long 


ajxTiVvev, recovered breath. Quint. Calab. t. 62. 


vet 


— 


dXvet, wanders about Opp. Hal. £'. 337. 


vet 


— 


avawTvet, spits forth. Nic. Alex. 211. 


vet 


— 


dvet, rages. — Kv/Jtard dvet. Opp. Hal. /3'. 125. — edve. 
Epigr. 9. p. 43. 


vet 




€7rtjjLvet, he shuts his eyes or mouth. Opp. Kvv. S'. 
123. — The manuscript has eirrjjxvet, he inclines, 
bends. 


vet 


— 


e7n<fkvetv, to speak against any one. Apoll. Arg. i. 481 . 


vet 


— 


Xvet, he looses. Orph. Hymn. 32. 2. and frequently 
in this poet. — eXvev. 11. \p. 513. 


vet 


— 


7repii3\v€t, gushes out violently. Apoll. Arg. iv. 788. 
— €7rtl3\vet. Ibid. 1238. 


vet 


— 


v-rrorpvet, he torments himself, {affligitur, Schneider 
translates it.) Nic. Alex. 83. 


vrj 


— 


fipevOvr), thou art proud. Epigr. 1. p. 233. 


VY\ 


— 


Icuvvy), if thou eatest. Od. 6. 243. 


vrj 




iyvvr\v, rj, knee-pan. 11. v. 212. — tyvviv, from tyvvq, 
of the same signification as tyvvrj, knee-pan. Epigr. 
109. p. 459. 


vrj 


— 


/xrj <f>vrj, that there may not arise. Theocrit. xv. 


vo 


— 


kvoq, 6 and tj, the first milk of women and female 
animals. Nicand. 


vo 


— 


&opKvog. Proper name. Hes. Theog. 336. 


vot 


— 


hvotv, of two. Epigr. 3. p. 26. 


vov 


— 


etkvovq, lurking-places. Apoll. Arg. i. 1144. 



v in Penultimates before Vowels. 



125 



va, ve, vei, vrj, vo, vol, vov, vuj. 



^vov 
vov 
vco 

VLO 



long 



KapvoVf nut. Batrach. 

v-troiivovcra, cutting, stripping, Dion. Per. 61. 

vuj. See under ve. 

aXvoov, afflicted, in fear. Od. c. 398. 

Evvco. Proper name. Tryphiod. 7. So also in 

Hesiod. 
Kpofi/uvM', from Kpoju/uvov, to, onion. Nic. Alex. 431. 
fivco, I shut. 
tivLov, 6, a place abounding in muscles. — fxvLova. 

Quint. Cal. a. 239. So also in Homer, Apollo- 

nius, and Theocritus. 
fj.vio\l>, short-sighted. —idvb)7ra > gad-fly >. Noun. Dionys. 

xi. 191. 

o'i£vcov, bewailing. Apoll. Argon. 

Rule. Verbs in vco, which have before the v either 
two consonants, a double consonant, or a long 
syllable, lengthen the v. — eprirvto, eprjTvovro. II. 
o. 3. — eprjTvov. II. fl. 97. 

rj/uvco. — ISpvto. See llpvfjtai among the Antepenul- 
timates. — £{>a>, / scrape. — irepi^vLo. Oppian. — 

7TTVL0, I Spit, CLWOTTTVLOV. II. \p. 781. 7T0L7rrVU), I 

serve, nonrvvov-a. II. a. 600. 4-155. — Hereto 
belong also copvofxaL, I roar, and juapvofiat, in the 
Antepenultimates, which are a confirmation of 
this rule. — The applicability of it is evident, if we 
examine, on the contrary, verbs in which the above 
particulars are wanting ; as, Tavvio, ravvei. Ana- 
creon. iii. Tctrvei, Museeus 224. 



126 v in Penultimates before Vowels. 



/3 



va, ve, vet, V7] 9 vo, vol, vov, vu). 



long 



Verbs of common quantity, to which many belong, 
that are included in the above rule : avvio, I com- 
plete, <xvv(jj. II. S. 56. — e|arvw. II. X. 365. — ctpvw, 
I draw, apvaafxevoQ. Hes. Epy. 548. — (opvw, 
I swell, am filled, overflow, fipvet. II. p. 56. — 
SctKpvit), I weep, fiaicpvujv. Batrach. Saiepven:. 
Epigr. 86. p. 595. — Jvw, I enter, descend. — dvu, 
I sacrifice, chafe, rage, — epvto, eipvarai. II. a, 239. 
— kwkvix), I lament — \vw, I loose ; see under \vei. 
fxrjvvu), I indicate; see under fi^vvrng. — Compare 
also pvofiai in the Antepenultimates ; (pvw, I be- 
come, grow, under (pvofievw. 



v IN ULTIMATES. 



f 1 


vp. 






Rule, v before p in ultimates is long. 


vp 




irvp, fire. The oblique cases, however, shorten the 
v again; as rrvpt, 11. o. 744. — wvpoq, of fire. 11. 
X. 157. 


vp 


— 


fxaprvp, witness. 



V IN Ul/TIMATES. 



127 







v, vv, vq. 



long 



v 



vv 
vv 
vv 
vv 
vv 



I. Names of the letters : 

TO V, fJLV, VV, 

II. crv, thou. Epigr. 1. p. 254. — av. II. i. 69. 

III. Adverbs : 
ypv, a grunt 

avriKpvy over against, opposite. avriKpv. II. y. 359. 

S. 481. — avTticpv. II. e.130. 
fjLecrtrrjyv, fxeraiv. 

IV. The third persons of Verbs in jlli, which end in v : 
etyv, edit. When these reject the augment, they are 

marked with the circumflex ; as, fu, $v. 
laivv, eat, prepare, make ready. II. t. 70. 
Kare.lv, with all similar third persons. 



I. Words which end both in vq and vv : 

(j>opKvv and <popKvq, a harbour ; and so other words 
of this description. 

II. Accusatives in vv, from Nominatives in vq •: 
vv, a pig, a sow. Od. £. 419. 

~iQvv, straight. II. 0. 303. 

TKvv, mud, dirt. Opp. Hal. /3'. 650. 

i^0vr, a fish. Opp. Kvv. a . 50. 

Xiyvvv, smoke, soot; also a smoky fire. Tryphiod. 110. 

ft vv, from /avq, a mouse ; (2.) a muscle ; (3.) a whale. 

— The other cases are short ; as, (uveq, Nom. 

plur. Theocrit. xxii. 48. 



128 



V in Ultimates, 



V, VV, VQ. 



vv lions: 



vv 

VV 



VQ 



vrjlvr, belly, paunch. Quint. Cal. 6'. 1S9. It may 
also be said, that this last syllable is long by Cap- 
sura. But other passages, where there is no Cae- 
sura, (Epigr. 5. p. 241.) prove the correctness of 
the given rule, by which cvv is long by nature. 

veKvv, dead man. II. c. 492. p. 394. The same re- 
mark is applicable here. 

o't'fvv, affliction. Hes. Theog. 214. 

opxjjtrrvv, dance, the art of dancing. II. p. 731. 

ttXtjOvv, crowd. II. (8. 143. v. 197. (May also be 
long by Caesura.) 

III. The first persons of Verbs in yu : 

efvv, efevyvvv. 

The Adverb vvv, now, is always long ; the conjunc- 
tion vvv, on the contrary, is short ; \v\\ roirvv. 



I. Monosyllables in vc : 

cpvc, an oak. II. X. 494. The other cases are short: 

com. II. <r. 55S. — uvc — (jvc. 
I II. Words which in the Nominative end both in vc 

and vv : 
(popKvQ and (popxuv. II. (3. S62. — yocrvQ and yoo-vr, a 

wooden house; also a Mosynian. 
III. Substantives in vc, which end in voc in the Genit. : 
apicwCj voc, ?ze^, hunting-net, 
nxXvg, duskiness, gloom. II. v. 421. 
cXvc, day, Opp. Hal. a 781, 



V in Ultimates. 



129 



p 


V, W y VQ. 


VQ 


long 


i X 0vq. 11. f. 127. Opp. Hal. S\ 245. — i\0vg. Ac- 
cusative. Opp. Hal. S'. 595. 


VQ 


— 


rrjSvQ, paunch. 


vc 


— 


reKUQ, a dead man. 11. x- 386. — vekvq. Accus. plur. 
Od. w. 416. 


VQ 


— 


o(ppvQ, eyebrow. Nominative. Opp. Hal. a'. 258. 


VQ 




ttXijOvq. 11. (3. 278. 

Obs. 7to\vq 9 11. y. 705, is, without doubt, long 

by Caesura. 
IV. Active Participles of the masculine gender, from 

Verbs in /lll : 


VQ 


— 


ZevyvvQ. 



K 






APPENDIX. 



( 131 ) 



APPENDIX. 



RESULTS 

FROM THE ADDUCED EXAMPLES OF THE LEXICON. 



h ROM the given individual examples, several inferences are 
deduced. 

(1.) Some words are always long, because all the Poets 
agree to use a certain syllable thereof long ; e. g. dddvdroQ, 
immortal; dv/nog, mind; plylov, more terrific; piyoe, cold ; 
v'lKrj, victory. 

(2.) Some words are, in onePoet, always long ; but in others, 
especially the later Poets, doubtful. Thus k<x\oq, beautiful, 
is always long in Homer, but doubtful in Orpheus, Theocritus, 
and the Epigrammatists. It is herein important to know 
which Poets use a word constantly long, and which doubtful. 
For this reason, I have in such cases noticed the usage of the 
older and of the more modern Poet, collaterally with each other, 

(3.) When a doubtful vowel is followed by two short syl- 
lables, it may always be assumed that this vowel is long, 
The discourse then inclines to a fall ; and favours hexameter, to 
which the Greek language is particularly partial. This is often 
observed in the lengthening of a word, dvydrrjp, also the 
Accusative Ovydrpa, is short; but Ovydrepa and Qvydrepeq 
invariably lengthen the first syllable. If, therefore, by the 

k 2 



132 APPENDIX. 



fall or rise of syllables, in trochaic and iambic metre, the 
doubtful vowel of a Greek word comes into a position which 
requires a long sound, it will certainly be used long. 

(4.) A doubtful syllable between two long ones is, in heroic 
metre, always long ; e. g. Aalffrpvycou, a Lcestrygon ; vapKiv- 
(rirrjv, narcissus-like, a stone, Dionys. Per. 1031; jurjTlaaadai, 
to contrive. 

(5.) Words are regulated in their quantity by the primitive 
or radical word ; e. g. from 70vg, straight, come 'idvvrwp, 'Svvoc, 
IQvvd); from vIky], victory, viKavhpog, v'nciag, vIkciw ; from Ov/uog, 
mind, soul, Ovjur/prjg, QvfjLndew, dv/uou), dvjJiwSrfg, Ovjuw/Jia, &c. 
Hence words derived from long radical syllables may easily 
be determined of themselves, although not laid down in this 
Lexicon. 

(a) Exceptions from this rule are, monosyllabic words in 
vp, which are long in the Nominative, but become short in 
the lengthened terminations ; as, wvp, nvpog : also words in 
vg, having vog in the Genitive ; as, avg, crvog. 

(b) The following important rule for determining words 
derived from verbs is given in lhe Halle Greek Grammar, 
twentieth edition, pp. 325, 326 : — " The first future of liquid 
verbs, and the second future of all verbs, together with the 
tenses and derivatives formed from them (except the aorists 
from the first future), shorten the doubtful vowels, although 
they were long in the present, or arise from a Jong vowel ; as, 
Kplvio,I judge, Kplv<d,K€KpLKa, KCKplfxai, Kpt/Lia, Kpicrig, judgment ; 
rplfiw, I rub, rj0t/3w, rerpt/3a, rpt/3oc, rpi/3?;." 

(6.) In several words of the Lexicon it has already been re- 
marked, individually, that a is long when it is used Dorice 
for ?y. This rule, expressed generally, is as follows : the Doric 
a, when put for ?/, (o, and e, is long ; as, (j>d/j.a 9 irpdrog, cura, for 



APPENDIX. 133 



frifitj, Trpwroc, eiice. (Halle Gr. Gram. p. 326.) As beginners 
are at first liable to error in this particular, I shall adduce some 
examples from the first Idyl of Theocritus : — verse 1. dSv, 
for qfiv; a wirvg, for rj ttitvq. — v. 2. d, for ^; 7rayato-t, for 
7TT]yaiai ; d§v, for i}()v. — v. 4. aiKa, for et/ce. — v. 5. cu/ca, for 
euce. — v. 7. dfiiov, for jjJtoj' ; fcard^ec, for Karrj^eg, — v. 8, rag, 
for r?yc. — v. 9. cu/ca, for e*/ce ; rdv, for r?7J\ — v. 10. crdfarrjv, fed 
in the fold, for crrjtcirriv. — v. 11. ray, for rrjv. — -v. 12. rdv, for 
T(oy. — v. 17. rciviKa, for rrjviKa ; KeKfidKwg, for Keic{Ar]K(i)g. — 
v. 18. x°^> f° r X ^ 7 /* — v »£0* r( *C fiuKoXiKaq, for r?/c fiwKoXtKrjg. 

These examples will be sufficient to explain the difficulty 
to a beginner, should he meet with an a in the Doric Poets 
used as long, though by the rest of the rules it should be short, 



PARTICULAR CASES. 



As in many verses the quantity belonging to one syllable 
or another is not immediately apparent, I conceive it will 
be of no small advantage to the beginner, in the study of 
Prosody, to bring forward some particular cases for his 
examination. I shall select such anomalies and remarkable 
changes as will, if attentively studied, serve to remove the 
difficulties which frequently occur in a complicated verse, 

Short Syllables made long by Ccesura. 

It has already been observed in the Introduction, that, in 
the Poets, the Caesura has the power of lengthening a syl- 
lable which is of itself short. As, without a more accurate 
observation of this poetical license, the decision, whether a 



134 APPENDIX. 



syllable be long or short, might be attended with uncertainty, 
let us here adduce several examples of this kind : 

(1.) €K7T€p\<Tal Tlpia\fio!6 7ro]\Z*', ev & | oiKaft i\K€(rdcii. II. a. 19. 
The syllable \iv in itoKlv is long by Caesura. 

(2.) tq% (o\jiol(7lv e\^u}V,dfx\(prjpe(p£\a re <pd\p€Tpr]v. II. a, 45. 
The a in a/utprjpetyea is long, merely by Ceesura. 

(3.) ib A)(t\\ev, /ce\e|a7 /ue, di\i c/u\e, | /Livdij\(ra(TOai. II. a. 74. 
The i in Si'i is long by Ceesura. In like manner : 

(4.) \xr\vlv A7ro\\a>J vo g, e/cd|r>//3e\e|rao d\vaKTog, Ibid. 76. 
The last syllable of AttoWwvoq is evidently long by reason 
of the Ceesura alone. 

(5.) 6dpffij\(Tdc judXd, \ enre Qe\dirpcn:l\ov > 6, ti \ o'lo-Od. 
The ov in deoirpoTriov is the Ceesura. 

Length of a Vowel before a Liquid Letter. 

The Introduction has already stated that every short and 
also every doubtful vowel can be used either short or long, 
when followed by a mute with a liquid ; although, otherwise, 
position makes every syllable long. The shortening is 
exemplified in II. w. 857 : 

6v 7rdr\f.idy y66\oo'd i \1\7rovff dvSp6\Ttjrd Kal | Jj/S^y. 

Here avZpo forms two shorts. 

But the anomaly is greater when the Poets lengthen a 
short or doubtful vowel before a single liquid : 

rove re ?i|a/ie\e|Iort rd\fj,cop u^TrXioadro \c6p7rov. 

Od. <.291. 



APPENDIX. 135 



Here the a in StafieXetcrrc is long evidently, because it is 
followed by the liquid (jl. — eXirdvevey. Od. ?y. 145.— Kard- 
yevwy. Od. t. 490. 

Diphthong shortened before a Consonant. 

That long 1 vowels or diphthongs can be used short before 
the initial vowel of a following word, is already known from 
the Introduction : e. g. yycjfrrj €\7reiQ\ II. [3. 365. But the 
shortening of diphthongs, also, before a consonant, e. g. 
before $, though very uncommon, yet occurs, even in Homer : 

yy uveal \ c' el Kcii | 6£<77re<rl\ij iroXiy \ ovk a\a|7ra|elc. 

II. fl. 367. 

Shortening of a Resolved Diphthong. 

When a diphthong is resolved into its constituent parts, 
the separated vowels are short : 

T<*>v ypx | ASjhtj\to16 (pl\\og 7rciig \ eySeKa\yrj-J)y. II. (5. 713. 

§5. 

Long Votoels and Diphthongs made short before a Vowel in 
the same word. 

The shortening of long vowels and diphthongs, even in 
the same word, belongs to the more remarkable instances of 
poetical license. This, however, frequently occurs, as is shewn 
by the following examples : 

(1.) mi*: 

fcdpwoy e\cJj\rj\(TdvT , e7ret\rj fiaXd \ noXXd ^te|ra£i>. 

II. a. 156. 



136 APPENDIX. 



ovle de\<x)v }JidKa\pov' e?rerj rj ttoXv | cbeprepol | etfj.tr. 

LTTTTOVQ | C 0)0 T}\ (TOUT '' €7Tel\r} TToXv \ <psp~€pOL J eidv. 

rjjjLeaq | rove aXjXouc, e7rel\rj ttoXv \ Cbepreuol | y]uev. 

"~ II. u. 135. 

So also II. w. 437, and in many other passages. 

(2.) vide, vloi', vie: 

koli fidXev \ Ajjlqiov, ?.eXd\yov vlov, \ 6c p evl I Ylalvo). 

Il/e. 61. 

rj^' a/i|^>I Kpel ovroc vi\ov AvKo\juf]ced \ cloy. II. t. 54. 

r Ef.Top, v* |e Dpcaj/ioio, 8t|i /ijj|ni/ drdXavre. II. \. 200. 

This last verse affords several confirmations of the preceding 
exceptions. The syllable vl in vie is short before e. The 
syllable Si in cH is long, from a double cause : (a) on 
account of the Caesura; and (b) on account of the liquid ft. 
The syllable nv in \xr\nv is long by Caesura, — 'Exrop w|c; 
ITpta|/xo7o &c. II. o. 244. — vide. II. p. 575. U. cr. 105. Od. 
v. 312. And so in several passages. 

fiefikrjali 

/3e/3\?ycu,| ovc dXl.nv /3e\oc eK(pvyh'\, ojc 6oe\ov to'l. 

' II. \. 350. 
(4.) ripwoc, rip (Si \ 

l)pO)OC' | dXX OTTOT \dv (76 c6\jULol KeKv\Q(JJ(7l KQLL I dvXty. 

Od. £ 303. 
>7pwf I crJixocb\K(3 t 6 c €\ce~ld70, | X<iip6 "" | &*/*£« 

Od. 0. 453. 

ev c ap v\co)p e\€v\dv, v^o \ ce £vXa \ Salop ilKovaal. 

Od. 6. 436. 



APPENDIX. 137 



(6.) rcrXtJori : 

ypri ce ce | rer\j7o|r7 vow | aivefiev \ cuei. 

Orph. X'. OcpiTtjQ, 37. Gesner's edit. 
This verse wants a foot. 

(7.) 7ra\atoc : 

a0ava|rwr. 7rd\ai\og £e \6\yog 7rept \ rovEe <j>a\e~ivei. 

Orph.Fragm. N. ii. v. 9 : edit. Gesner. p. 360. 

Orpheus has several such abbreviations ; e.g. ibid. p. 359. 
Sikcllcdp. 

(8.) yepaXovq. Tyrtaeus Analecta, Tom. 1. p. 80. 

(9.) 7TOtT]<T(t) : 

tl aroi | OeXoiQ \ 7roirj\cruJ. Anacreon xii. 

§6. 
Shortening of Position. 

According to the general rule (see Introduction), position 
renders a syllable long ; and the mute with the liquid only has, 
agreeably to custom, the prerogative of using a short vowel 
standing before it, either long or short, at pleasure. So much 
the more surprising are the cases where a position, which 
contains no mute with the liquid, is nevertheless short : 

XaX/ao'al r, E7perpi|av Te,7rd\\vcrTa<pv\\ov 0' P I<n"i|a7ar. 

II. /3. 537. 

The syllable pe in Eiperpia can be used short, by reason of 

the mute with the liquid. But with 'larriaiav this is not the 

case; and therefore the abbreviation is the more anomalous. 

Another rare example of this kind is afforded in epiy£ov-ov : 

€K o' e\d\(jdv 7rp6dv\po~ib /ecu | aidov\crr)q €pt\ycov7rov. 

Od. o. 146. 

So, a\\' ore \ Stj 6yhb\ov fxoi e|7rl7r\<^ue|roV Itoq | rjXde. 

Od. v. 261. 



138 APPENDIX. 



§7. 
Unusual Lengthening of Short Syllables. 

In the Greek Poets, instances frequently occur, where, 
without the sanction of a Caesura or any other reason, short 
syllables, possessing the lowest prosodiacal value, are raised 
to the dignity of the long. This can be considered as nothing 
but a poetical license and an overstrained freedom. 

(1.) irap: 

vvv ce fie \ TrdpziWovv a\6\yoQ fj.d\d\Kolc ei?e\e(7GXv. 

II. I 337. 

(2.) The syllable Kev\ 

t'lq S 9 olS 1 I elKev \ ol avv | tai\iovl [ Sv/jlov o\p~iv(D. 

(3.) oY: 

6q ol | 'v'ai rore | 7raT£oe d\7ro \pooc | ijpKetr 1 6\\k~dpdv. 

II. o. 534. 
KtjpvKi | 'HTTvrijcJ/, 6g I ol rrdpd \ 7raTpl ye^byru 

II. p. 324. 
(4.) a-Ko : 

lir\v\v aJ7ro e7]7rcJv Ay a\jJiejJLv6vl | irolfievl | Aaa»>. Il.r.35, 

(5.) In a/j.(po-eprj(7L, Od. £.116, it must either be assumed 
that jo^o-t is used by the Poet as a trochee, for a spondee ; or 
that fft is altogether unusually made long : 

dfJityorepriGi | %epGl ro\?j(Te £e | jjav MevejXdoc* 

(6.) ov unusually made long in vlov : 

fj pa Kai | ( ILo{j,ei\av (j>i\6p | Wo^ | dvriov \ rjvcd. 

Od. e. 28. 

(7.) o lengthened before X in AwXov : 

ccjpd Trap' | Alo\\ov iueya\\iJTopoc | 'iTTTrora^ao. Od. ic. 36. 



APPENDIX. 139 



So also Od. k. 61. The remark made elsewhere, that in 
heroic verse a short syllable surrounded by two long ones is 
used as long, applies also here, 

(8.) The syllable St in Bios : 

7rpd^lSi\Krj 9 epd\rd7r\ok:d\(j.€ ', S1\oq 6d\6c \ dyvov. 

Orph.Hymn. 28. 5. 
That the last syllable in eparorrXoKafie is long, arises from the 
Csesura ; but that Si should become long in Sioq is somewhat 
unusual. 

(9.) Syllable o made long in dirov : 

ftd\Ldq | €K 7rvp6g | owov, ev \ avyevl\aiQ 6Sv\valaX. 

Orph. X'. Kopv(f)U)Sr)G 7 8. 

(10.) oTri<jd\ro Zevq. Quint. Calab. ft'. 619. 
(11.) QeoSdffwr. Epigr. 12. p. 407. 
(12.) tlq : II. £. 459. 462. 

teal 7t6t€ I tIq €~i\7rfj(Tiy i\Su)y Kara \ Sdfcpv ye\ov(jdv. 

wg Trcre \ t'lq €pe\el* ao't ] 3 1 av veov | ecraerat | aXyog. 

In like manner rig is used long. II. 77. 91. — t'l <pi\6v \ eon. 
Od. rj. 320.— t'l "uraaiv, Od. £ 89. 

§8. 

Solution of Vowels. 

In deciding quantities, we should inevitably be exposed 
to frequent mistakes, did we not know that the Poets often 
contract several vowels into one. It is therefore necessary 
to give here examples of this usage. 

(1.) Seio dissolved into one syllable, Sew : 

Mrjvlv a\ei$e 9 Oe\d, Hrj\\i]'id\Seis) Ay/i\\?jdq. 11. a. 1. 



140 APPENDIX. 



(2.) Xewv dissolved into one syllable, Xeuv : 

7ToXXeuJy 1 eK 7ro\l\uv ey\xe<j~a\ol j dvcpeq edaiv. 

^ II. /3. 131. 

(3.) aev aXXoc ' 

ctivapelrij' tic \ aev aXXoc o\vrj(Te-ai | o'biyoydq Trip. 

W II. 7T.31. 

(4.) A double solution in yj)vceri ev : 

£w/ce £e | yjpvaeti ev | XrJKvOu) \ vypov e\Xaldv.* Od. f . 79. 

(5.) e7ret ovk : 

rele'iq [ ayXaa | re^vd* e|?rei ov/c d-otywXtol evval. 

w Od. \. 24S. 

Another solution, however, may also be adopted, as follows: 

reKva eiret | ovk aTro(pu)\toi. 

evyov e-ireTdv crtylv e\pet,d re^Xelecr^dq eKa-d/upae. 

^ Od. 2.352. 

(6.) A double solution in aXXoei^ea: 

rovveK dp | dXXoei^ea (paVveaKero | irdvrd uvclktI, 

W W Od. v. 194. 

(7.) 7re7rr?7 wrote. : 

7re7rr?yw|rdc ttoXJXovc' wot' | 7^01/ac | o^cO' dAi^ee. 

W Od. x .384. 

(S.) 'QZvari, ik : 

TevadpeQ \ d/uKp* 0£v\(T7]\ e| £' ut|e7c Ao\t olo. Od. w. 496. 

As the verse is now read, a foot is wanting. This might 
easily be remedied, by reading h] for c: the solution would 
then be avoided : 

afX(f OBv\trrp, el \ crj vlele AoXi olo. 

* If the syllable kv were long, the double solution would be avoided, 
and the hexameter obtain the deficient foot. In this case, the scansion 
would be : XQ V<J *V I * v Aii|*5flyJ 



APPENDIX. 141 



§9. 

Deviation of Feet belonging to the Hexameter. 

The spondee and dactyl, which, according 1 to the general 
usage of prosodiacal law, form the first feet of an hexameter, 
are, in many verses, supplanted by other feet. As the ob- 
servation of these exceptions, also, is very useful to the young 
student in Prosody, some information must be given con- 
cerning them. 

(1.) An amphibrach for a spondee or dactyl in the be- 
ginning of a verse : 

iu)Q 6 | ravd' wp\fxcuve Ka\ra 0pem, | rotypa c? A\drjvrj. 

II. k. 507. 

eu)Q 6 | rw 7r6\e\ju~i^€ /LLe\pcov 9 erl | 8* rj\7rerd \ rtKrjv. 

II. o. 539. 

rewe Amatol | fxev juey* e\KvSdvov | ovvek A^tWevg. 

II. v. 42. 

e (oq e\yijj wept f Keiva 7ro\\vv fiio\rdv fTvva\y€lp(iov. Od. S. 90. 

(2.) An amphibrach in the middle, and at the end of a 
verse : 

tiaevoi I ewe ^irrfkQe velfxaV (pepe j 8 dfipifj-ov | a^oq. 

Od. £. 233. 

akX dyd\xd(7(TQifJ.e\yoQ vrj\ypv irdXir, J eajg €\Trt]\ddv. 

Od. »/. 280. 

§10. 
Verses of difficult scansion. 

The explanations given in the preceding paragraphs will 
serve to expedite the scansion of difficult verses. E. g. in 
Od. e. 79. assistance is afforded by the remarks on solution. 

(1.) ov yap t | dyvh)\r£Q ye de\oi dXKij\\oiffl 7re\\ovTcii. 

The last syllable in Oeoi dissolves with a\ into one syllable. 



142 APPENDIX. 



(2.) rocradx v\Swp diro\\earK€r d\va(ipoyQev \ af.i(pL ce \ 7to(T(tL 

Od. X. 585. 
The explanation for avafipoxQev is given § 6. 

(3.) In Od. 7r. 102, as there is a superfluous syllable, no 
other expedient is left, but the adoption, according to § 9, 
of a different foot : 

avriK dw e\fiolo Ka\pfj rdfiol | ci\\drpi\oQ (j>(^Q* 

Here the first paeon (— w w w) supplies the place of the 
dactyl at the beginning. We might also scan, 

avTLK air | €jjlol6 Ka\pr]. 
The second paeon then forms the second foot (w — w w). 

(4.) In Od. r. 246, the remedy is easy, if wjioiq be read 
for (jjjbLOLGrcv : otherwise the third foot has an Ionicus a majori 

yvpoq e\T)v tx>\fioi(fiv ixe\a\voyj)6oQ | ov\oKa\prjv6q, 

(5.) In Od. \p. 203. there is a deficiency of one or two 
syllables : 

el fnol eV \ 6fA7recdv | earl Xejxoe, rye rig | ijcrj. 
After Xe^oc, another syllable at least, or a word, ought to 
stand. Probably the word yvvai is here wanting, which, on 
account of the succeeding vowel, contains two short syllables, 
and therefore forms a dactyl with the syllable yoq. 

(6.) The verse 284. Arat. <p. has a syllable too many ; un- 
less, according to § 8, we are disposed to assume a solution : 
Si^ire\pr] T€Ta\pvadai* 6$' ofrladepog \ alyoice\pi}6c;. 

(7.) In Hes. Epy. 434. the difficulty of scansion arises on 
account of irpivov, whose first syllable is otherwise long; 
and of yvi]v y whose first syllable is otherwise short : 
Spvog e|Xv/xa, 7rpl\vov yv\rjv> j36e | 5* evvde\rt]pu). 
It cannot well be divided differently ; and yet 7rph>og, 7rpl- 



APPENDIX. 143 



volo. Arat. Diosem. 390. is long; and yihiv, Hes. Eoy. 4:25. 

short. 

(S.) Orph. X'. Ool77]c 50. is difficult to scan, on account of 
the word n.aXafj.r]cao : 

tovveko [ UdXcifLrj cad (Tcio(ppo)'oc | ovirore [ vd'oX. 

The syllable TIa in UaXafj.i]cao can be long 1 , because X is a 
liquid letter, according to § 2. But the shortening of /li?] in 
this word occasions too much harshness. Hence it appears 
to me to be the best way to regard the second foot, ac- 
cording to § 9, either as an amphimacer, HdXa/iTJ, or as an 
anapaest, TLaXa/ufj. 

(9.) The usual reading, Arat. Diosem. 10S. involves a 
difficulty : 

ei ce | ot avl\ovroQ if \ avriicd I cvoue volo. 

According to this disposition of the verse, the first foot is 
a trochee (— kj), and falls under § 9. The Moscow MS. 
reads e; ceroi | rj avl\ovToq. Stobseus has el ce rl \ ij avtovroc. 
Others ?\ISS. have el ce ol \ rj dvloproc ; and then the whole 
proceeds in the regular course. 



I cannot forbear adding one concluding remark. If there 
exists any language which is favourable to the Poet for 
versification, that language is the Greek. In no other is it 
so easy to form long and short syllables ; and to connect to- 
gether, without trouble, all possible descriptions of feet : it 
rejects or retains vowels by the consent of established usage ; 
commands a flexibility of construction ; has the greatest 
abundance of polysyllabic and monosyllabic words ; and 
possesses the advantage of position, together with a singu- 
lar copiousness, which enables it to substitute, in the place of 



144 APPENDIX. 



a word less convenient for versification, ten different and 
more suitable expressions. 

So much the more surprising* therefore must it be to every 
reader, that the Greek Poets have allowed themselves so many 
anomalies and violations of rule, as are adduced § 1 — 10. 
Such licenses occur in every Poet, partly in greater, partly 
in less frequency ; and are the more deserving of censure, 
the less pains it would have cost entirely to avoid them. 



J 



D*&* * 




9 * ' <k 



